Die Nieren- oder Nephropathologie hat sich als eine Subdisziplin der Pathologie entwickelt,
die sowohl spezielles Fachwissen als auch eine besondere technische und apparative
Ausstattung benötigt. Zur Beurteilung der spezifischen Veränderungen in einem Nierenbiopsat
kommt neben speziellen Färbungen und der Immunfluoreszenz/-histologie auch die Elektronenmikroskopie
zum Einsatz. Aktuelle Entwicklungen werden in diesem Beitrag diskutiert.
Abstract
Nephropathology is a subdiscipline of pathology requiring specialized knowledge and
technical equipment, and is therefore not offered by all pathology institutes. Specialized
histopathological examinations of kidney biopsies began with the first percutaneous
kidney biopsy in 1958, replacing urine analysis as the main diagnostic tool for kidney
disease, which had been common since the Middle Ages. Nowadays, radiologists can also
perform a transvenous biopsy when contraindications for a percutaneous biopsy are
present. Special techniques are required to assess kidney biopsies, such as special
staining, immunofluorescence, immunohistology and, in particular, electron microscopy.
The ultrastructural examination of kidney biopsies is one of the few remaining routine
applications of electron microscopy in pathology today.
The following section will present and discuss the essential technical and methodological
requirements for the detailed processing and diagnosis of kidney biopsies, as well
as current developments in the field.
Schlüsselwörter
Nierenbiopsie - technische Durchführung - standardisierte Analyse
Keywords
renal biopsy - technical aspects - analysis
