Perioperative und periinterventionelle Antibiotikaprophylaxe

Postoperative Wundinfektionen stellen die häufigste Infektionsart in Krankenhäusern dar. Der Umsetzung entsprechender Präventionsmaßnahmen, insbesondere der korrekte Einsatz einer perioperativen Antibiotikaprophylaxe (PAP), wird bei der Vermeidung von postoperativen Wundinfektionen eine hohe Bedeutung beigemessen. Die interdisziplinäre S3-Leitlinie „Perioperative und Periinterventionelle Antibiotikaprophylaxe“ [1] beinhaltet Empfehlungen zum evidenzbasierten Einsatz der PAP in der HNO-Heilkunde.

Abstract

Surgical site infections are the most common type of infection in hospitals. The implementation of appropriate preventive measures, especially the correct use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP), is considered crucial in preventing surgical site infections. The interdisciplinary guideline “Perioperative and Periinterventional Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Surgery” contains recommendations for the evidence-based use of PAP for otolaryngology.

Kernaussagen

• Operative Eingriffe können in die Kontaminationsklassen „sauber/aseptisch“, „sauber-kontaminiert“, „kontaminiert“ und „manifest-infiziert“ unterteilt werden.

• Patientenbezogene, aber auch prä-, intra- und postoperative Faktoren beeinflussen das Risiko von postoperativen Wundinfektionen.

• Am häufigsten können Koagulase-negative Staphylokokken und Staphylococcus aureus als Erreger von postoperativen Infektionen im Hals-Nasen-Ohrenbereich nachgewiesen werden.

• Die Indikation zu einer PAP sollte immer kritisch gestellt werden mit Abwägung zwischen dem Risiko einer Wundinfektion und der Gefahr der Resistenzbildung bzw. Nebenwirkungen durch die Antibiose.

• Die Dauer der PAP ist auf maximal 24 Stunden begrenzt.

Schlüsselwörter

perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe - Wundinfektionen - Aminopenicillin - Kontaminationsklassen - Erregerspektrum

Keywords

perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis - aminopenicilline - surgical site infection

Publication History

Article published online:
05 March 2026

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