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DOI: 10.1055/a-2684-7721
Long-Term Follow-Up of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multisystem İnflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with COVID-19: A Prospective Study
Langzeit-Follow-up der kardialen Magnetresonanztomographie bei Kindern mit MIS-C im Zusammenhang mit COVID-19: Eine prospektive StudieAuthors
Abstract
Background
The researchers identified cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, which was linked to COVID-19 starting in 2020. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity in the acute phase. A small number of articles in the literature have recorded the long-term myocardial effects of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children treated in pediatric intensive care units. Our study aimed to investigate the late cardiac outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
Results
A median of 16 months had passed after the onset of the disease in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Ejection fraction (%), cardiac output (L/min), stroke volume (mL), end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2), cardiac index (L/min/m2), and stroke volume index (mL/m2) were all significantly lower in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. During at least a 1-year follow-up, minor cardiac damage was discovered in 26% of individuals who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, none of the 23 infants showed symptoms of late gadolinium enhancement or pericardial effusion. While all patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, the transthoracic echocardiogram evaluation revealed normal heart function.
Conclusion
Our study found no evidence of late gadolinium enhancement, which indicates cardiac fibrosis in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging performed after a prolonged hospitalization in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children who were admitted to the intensive care unit. This absence of late gadolinium enhancement is a reassuring finding, suggesting that the long-term cardiac outcomes of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children may not be as severe as initially feared. However, the long-term cardiac magnetic resonance imaging results revealed mild left ventricular dysfunction in these patients that could not be detected via a transthoracic echocardiogram.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Forscher identifizierten Fälle des Multisystem-Entzündungssyndroms bei Kindern (MIS-C), das ab 2020 mit COVID-19 in Verbindung gebracht wurde. MIS-C ist in der Akutphase mit einer erheblichen kardiovaskulären Morbidität assoziiert. In der Literatur gibt es wenige Artikel, die die langfristigen myokardialen Auswirkungen von MIS-C-Patienten auf pädiatrischen Intensivstationen (PICUs) beschreiben. Ziel unserer Studie war es, die späten kardialen Folgen von MIS-C zu untersuchen.
Ergebnisse
Im Median vergingen 16 Monate nach Krankheitsbeginn bei Kindern mit MIS-C. EF (%), HZV (l/ml), SV (ml), EDV/BSA (ml/m²), ESV/BSA (ml/m²), HZV (l/ml/m²) und SV (ml/m²) waren bei MIS-C-Patienten signifikant niedriger. Keiner der Patienten zeigte eine späte Gadoliniumanreicherung, was auf das Fehlen einer chronischen kardialen Vernarbung hindeutet. Während einer einjährigen Nachuntersuchung wurden bei 17% der Personen, die sich einer Herz-MRT unterzogen, leichte Herzschäden festgestellt. Darüber hinaus zeigte keiner der 23 Säuglinge Symptome einer späten Gadoliniumanreicherung oder eines Perikardergusses. Obwohl alle Patienten einer Herz-MRT unterzogen wurden, ergab die TTE-Untersuchung eine normale Herzfunktion.
Schlussfolgerung
Unsere Studie fand keine Hinweise auf eine Herzfibrose in Herz-MRT-Untersuchungen, die nach einem längeren Krankenhausaufenthalt bei Patienten mit MIS-C durchgeführt wurden, die auf die Intensivstation eingeliefert wurden. Dieses Fehlen einer Herzfibrose ist ein beruhigender Befund und deutet darauf hin, dass die langfristigen kardialen Folgen von MIS-C-Patienten möglicherweise nicht so schwerwiegend sind wie zunächst befürchtet. Die Ergebnisse der Langzeit-MRT zeigten jedoch eine leichte systolische Dysfunktion bei diesen Patieen, die mittels TTE nich
Keywords
MIS-C - Long-term follow-up cardiac MRI - Heart functions - Late gadolinium enhancement - LGESchlüsselwörter
MIS-C - Langzeit-Nachuntersuchung des Herzens mittels MRT - Herzfunktionen - Späte GadoliniumanreicherungPublication History
Received: 27 April 2025
Accepted after revision: 15 August 2025
Accepted Manuscript online:
15 August 2025
Article published online:
23 December 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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