Download PDF
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol
DOI: 10.1055/a-2737-6788
Original Research

Mechanical Evaluation of an Orthogonal Angle-Stable Interlocking Nail in a Comminuted Fracture Model

Authors

  • Dayvid V.F. Lucena

    1   Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí, Goias, Brazil

  • Bruno W. Minto 

    2   Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil

  • Thiago A.S.S. Rocha

    1   Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí, Goias, Brazil

  • Caio A.S. Malta

    2   Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil

  • Alefe L.C. Carrera 

    2   Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil

  • Danyelle R.C. Ferreira

    1   Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí, Goias, Brazil

  • Júlian A.S. Galíndez 

    2   Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil

  • Luis G.G.G. Dias

    2   Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
Further Information
Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to describe an orthogonal angle-stable (ASO) intramedullary nail, evaluate its mechanical properties, and compare its performance with a conventional and an angle-stable nails.

Study Design

Synthetic diaphyseal models with a 25-mm gap fracture were 3D printed using polylactic acid. The ASO nail, fabricated from 316 L stainless steel, featured two orthogonal distal holes spaced 5.5-mm apart. Mechanical properties were evaluated through axial compression and torsion tests until failure. The stiffness and yield load under axial compression and peak torque under torsion were used to compare the ASO nail (ASO group) with a conventional interlocking (IC group) and a uniplanar angle-stable (ASU group) nails. Seven tests per group were performed and analysed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's post hoc tests.

Results

The ASO and ASU nails exhibited similar stiffness under axial loading and demonstrated greater stiffness than the IC nails. No differences were observed among the groups regarding yield load or peak torque under torsion.

Conclusion

The ASO nail exhibited biomechanical properties similar to the ASU nail and both demonstrated superiority over the IC. Further studies focusing on implant development and refinement of the implantation technique are necessary before clinical application can be considered.

Keywords

dog - interlocking nail - fracture - orthogonal - angle-stable

Contributors Statement

All authors contributed to the writing and review of this paper. D.V.F.L., B.W.M., T.A.S.S.R. and L.G.G.G.D. developed the interlocking nail model. T.A.S.S.R., J.A.S.G., A.L.C.C. and L.G.G.G.D. developed the synthetic specimens. D.V.F.L., T.A.S.S.R., C.A.S.M., A.L.C.C., D.R.C.F. and J.A.S.G. performed the mechanical tests. D.V.F.L., C.A.S.M., A.L.C.C., D.R.C.F. and J.A.S.G. collected the data and interpreted the results. D.V.F.L., C.A.S.M. and A.L.C.C. performed the statistical analyses. B.W.M., T.A.S.S.R., C.A.S.M., A.L.C.C., D.R.C.F. and L.G.G.G.D. reviewed the final version for corrections.




Publication History

Received: 27 August 2024

Accepted: 04 November 2025

Article published online:
18 November 2025

© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Oswald-Hesse-Straße 50, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany