Pitfalls and How to Avoid Misdiagnosis in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Ankle and Foot in Athletes

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging is a vital tool in sports medicine for evaluating ankle and foot injuries in athletes, offering detailed insights into bone, cartilage, ligament, and tendon pathology. However, the findings in athletes, especially those who are asymptomatic, can present pitfalls that may lead to misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment. Common findings such as bone marrow edema, joint effusions, and tendon sheath fluid are frequently observed in athletes without symptoms and may represent physiologic adaptations rather than pathology.

This article emphasizes the importance of correlating magnetic resonance imaging results with clinical evaluation and physical examination to avoid overinterpretation. Radiologists should be familiar with normal variants and nonspecific findings in athletes to ensure accurate reporting. Radiology reports must clearly describe findings and focus conclusions on those most likely to be clinically significant.

Effective communication between clinicians, radiologists, and athletes is essential to prevent unnecessary interventions and economic consequences. A comprehensive approach, combining clinical assessment with advanced imaging, ultimately ensures accurate diagnosis and optimal management of ankle and foot injuries in athletes, minimizing the risk of overtreatment and supporting safe return to play.

Keywords

ankle - magnetic resonance imaging - pitfalls - asymptomatic athletes - bone marrow edema

Publication History

Received: 09 October 2025

Accepted: 05 November 2025

Article published online:
02 February 2026

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