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Int J Angiol
DOI: 10.1055/a-2788-1132
Review Article

Surgical Options in Heart Failure

Authors

  • China Stegall

    1   Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States

  • Chandrashekhar Ramaiah 

    2   Department of Cardiac Surgery, Saint Thomas Heart Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Abstract

Heart failure (HF) continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite optimized medical therapy (OMT), a significant portion of patients will progress to advanced stages of HF to which OMT is no longer sufficient. Myocardial revascularization remains a cornerstone for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, with evidence showing significant survival benefits over OMT alone. Valvular interventions address secondary mitral and aortic disease that contribute to declining cardiac function. For patients with end-stage failure or cardiogenic shock, mechanical circulatory support devices and ventricular-assist devices serve as bridge or destination therapy.

Keywords

heart failure - myocardial revascularization - ischemic cardiomyopathy - mechanical circulatory support - left ventricular remodeling - surgical outcomes


Publication History

Received: 12 January 2026

Accepted: 13 January 2026

Article published online:
02 February 2026

© 2026. International College of Angiology. This article is published by Thieme.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA

 

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