Zusammenfassung
Die Alzheimer-Demenz ist eine neurodegenerative Erkrankung, die mit mehr als 27 Millionen
Betroffenen weltweit bereits heute ein großes sozioökonomisches Problem darstellt.
Als ein charakteristisches Merkmal standen lange Zeit die extrazellulären Amyloid-Plaques
in Diskussion, die auslösenden Faktoren der Neurodegeneration zu sein. Aktuelle Studien
an Tiermodellen und Autopsiematerial verweisen jedoch auf die löslichen und hochtoxischen
Aβ-Oligomere als Ursache für das Neuronensterben. Aktuelle Therapien beruhen lediglich
auf der Linderung von Symptomen. Interessante neue Ansätze befassen sich mit einer
verringerten Produktion, einem verstärkten Abbau und/oder Abtransport der toxischen
Aβ-Peptide. Zu den Zielstrukturen zählen unter anderem die ABC-Transporter der Blut-Hirn-Schranke,
die als natürliche Barriere des Gehirns fungieren und zur Detoxifizierung beitragen.
Eine Beeinflussung dieser Transportfunktion hat weitreichende Folgen für die Pathogenese
und Therapie der AD, insbesondere mit dem Ziel der Plaqueauflösung.
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting more
than 27 million people worldwide and leading to severe social-economic problems. One
characteristic hallmark of AD – the amyloid plaques – are still being discussed to
be one important triggering factor. However, current animal and autopsy studies refer
to soluble and highly toxic A█ oligomers as the deadly agent for the neurons. Current
therapies mainly rely on the abatement of symptoms without antagonizing the etiology
of the disease. Potential new approaches address reduced production, increased degradation
and/or evacuation of toxic A█ peptides from the brain. Among others one important
group of target-proteins are the ABC transporters of the blood-brain barrier which
contribute importantly to the detoxification of the brain. Changes of specific transport
functions evoke important alterations for the known pathogenesis and future therapies
of AD, especially approaches that target plaque dissolution and plaque reduction.
Schlüsselwörter
Alzheimer-Demenz - Blut-Hirn-Schranke - Demenz
Key words
Alzheimer dementia - blood brain barrier - dementia
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Prof. Dr. med. Dr. rer. nat. Jens Pahnke, EFN
Universität Rostock Klinik für Neurologie Neurodegeneration Research Lab (NRL)
Gehlsheimer Straße 20
18147 Rostock
Email: jens.pahnke@med.uni-rostock.de