Zusammenfassung
Auf dem diesjährigen ASCO wurde versucht, eine Verbesserung der individualisierten
Therapie zu erreichen. Im Bereich der adjuvanten Therapie des Mammakarzinoms wurden
vor allem spezielle Fragestellungen und Subgruppenanalysen präsentiert. So z. B. zum
Einfluss von CYP2D6-Inhibitoren auf die Wirksamkeit von Tamoxifen. Aufgrund diskrepanter
Ergebnisse scheint die Bedeutung jedoch noch unklar. In der palliativen Behandlung
des Mammakarzinoms konnte die Ribbon-1-Studie belegen, dass die Kombination von Bevacizumab
neben dem Taxan auch mit einem Anthrazyklin oder Capecitabin das progressionsfreie
Überleben in der First-Line-Behandlung verlängert. PARP-Inhibitoren scheinen v. a.
in der Therapie des triple-negativen Mammakarzinoms einen Vorteil im Vergleich zu
reinen Zytostatikatherapien zu erzielen – dies konnten erste Phase-II-Studien unter
Beweis stellen. In der Primärtherapie des Ovarialkarzinoms bleibt die Kombination
aus Carboplatin und Paclitaxel Standard. Eine Verbesserung durch die Addition einer
3. Substanz konnte auch in der OVAR-9-Studie nicht erreicht werden. Erstmals konnte
mit der Studie MRC OV05/EORTC 55955 der Effekt der CA-125-Bestimmung in der Nachsorge
auf das Gesamtüberleben dargestellt werden. Hierbei zeigte sich keine Überlebensverlängerung.
In der Rezidivtherapie wurde mit der „TOWER“- und der „CALYPSO“-Studie versucht, wirksame
neue Chemotherapien mit günstigeren Nebenwirkungsprofilen zu etablieren. Die „CALYPSO“-Studie
konnte so mit der Kombination aus PLD und Carboplatin eine neue Alternative in der
Behandlung des platinsensiblen Ovarialkarzinomrezidivs aufzeigen. In der Behandlung
des Zervixkarzinoms konnte durch die zusätzliche Gabe von Gemcitabin sequenziell und
simultan zum Standard eine Verlängerung des Gesamtüberlebens und des progressionsfreien
Überlebens erreicht werden, jedoch um den Preis einer deutlich gesteigerten Toxizität.
Eine Entwicklung in der Therapie des Endometriumkarzinoms war der zielgerichtete Einsatz
von Fulvestrant in einer Phase-II-Studie. Es zeigte sich eine gute Wirksamkeit und
ein akzeptables Nebenwirkungsprofil für die Monotherapie bei Patientinnen mit positivem
Rezeptorstatus. Schließlich konnte mit der GOG 179 das individualisierte Konzept des
Sentinel-Lymphknotens beim Vulvakarzinom weiter unterstützt werden.
Abstract
At the recent ASCO there was a trend towards more individualized cancer therapies.
Various presentations and subgroup analyses of larger trials focused on specific questions
of adjuvant therapies, such as the influence of the CYP2D6 inhibitor on tamoxifen
treatment, which could not be clarified because of 2 discrepant study results. In
the palliative treatment of breast cancer, the Ribbon-1 trial demonstrated an improvement
of PFS when bevacizumab was added to an anthracycline or capecitabine in first-line
treatment. PARP inhibitors were among the most interesting and novel targeted therapies
and have shown very promising response rates in the treatment of triple negative or
BRCA-associated breast cancer in the metastatic setting. The standard of care for
the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer is a combination of paclitaxel and carboplatine.
An increase in efficacy by adding a third non-cross resistant drug could not be shown
in the trial OVAR-9. The MRC OV05/EORTC 55955 trial showed that there is no survival
benefit from routine CA125 measurements during the follow-up of patients after primary
therapy. In the setting of recurrent ovarian cancer the “TOWER” and “CALYPSO” trials
tried to find more effective chemotherapies with fewer side effects. The “CALYPSO”
trial found a new combination of PLD and carboplatin to be safe and effective in the
treatment of platinum-sensitive recurrence. For cervical cancer, a phase III trial
showed an improvement through the concurrent and adjuvant administration of gemcitabine
in addition to current standard therapy. There was a longer survival period but also
a much higher toxicity. A more personalized cancer therapy approach could be shown
in the setting of endometrial cancer. A phase II trial showed a good efficacy and
tolerability of fulvestrant in receptor positive patients. The GOG 179 study dealing
with vulvar cancer confirmed that the sentinel lymph node procedure is feasible and
safe in well selected patients.
Schlüsselwörter
ASCO - Mammakarzinom - Ovarialkarzinom - Zervixkarzinom - Endometriumkarzinom
Key words
ASCO - breast cancer - ovarian cancer - cervical cancer - endometrial cancer
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Dr. OÄ K. Schwedler
Universitäts-Frauenklinik
Theodor-Stern-Kai 7
60590 Frankfurt
eMail: schwedler@med.uni-frankfurt.de