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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245644
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Demenz bei Morbus Parkinson: Sinnvolle Diagnostik und rationale Therapie
Dementia in Morbus Parkinson: Reasonable Diagnostics and Rational TherapyPublication History
Publication Date:
08 September 2010 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Kognitive Störungen sind bei Patienten mit einem idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndrom sehr häufig. Parkinson-Patienten haben ein 4- bis 6-mal erhöhtes Demenzrisiko. Die Prävalenz der Demenz liegt bereits im 8. Krankheitsjahr etwa bei 26 % und steigt bis auf etwa 78 % im 17. Krankheitsjahr. Das kognitive Profil der Parkinson-Demenz (PDD) unterscheidet sich von dem der Alzheimer-Demenz (DAT, Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ). Vor allem sind Störungen der Aufmerksamkeit, exekutiver Funktionen, visuell-räumlicher Funktionen und des Gedächtnisabrufs typisch für die Demenz beim idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndrom. Als relevante Differenzialdiagnose zur Parkinson-Demenz ist die Lewy-Körperchen-Demenz (Lewy Body Dementia, LBD) primär über die zeitliche Entwicklung der motorischen und kognitiven Symptome abzugrenzen. Kognitive Defizite bei Parkinson-Syndromen haben erheblichen negativen Einfluss auf Lebensqualität, Belastung der Angehörigen, Krankheitsprognose und eine mögliche Heimeinweisung. Demenzen bei Parkinson-Syndrom (PDD und LBD) sollten unbedingt frühzeitig diagnostiziert und in die Therapie- und Versorgungsplanung einbezogen werden. Moderne Acetylcholinesterase-Inhibitoren und in Zukunft auch neuropsychologische Trainingsmethoden bieten eine sinnvolle Therapieoption.
Abstract
Cognitive decline is a common disorder in idiopathic Parkinson’s syndrome, the risk for the development of a dementia is four- to six-fold higher for Parkinsonian patients. The cognitive profile in Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) differs from that of Alzheimer-type dementias. The affected cognitive functions include attention, executive functions, visual-spatial functions and recall. The main differential diagnosis for PDD is the Lewy body dementia (LBD), which can be differentiated through the temporal development of motor and cognitive symptoms. Cognitive symptoms in Parkinsonian syndromes have a relevant negative impact on quality of life, on the burden for the care-givers, on the prognosis of the disease and on the possible referral to a nursing home. Dementias in Parkinsonian syndromes (PDD and LBD) need a confirmatory diagnosis at an early stage in order to initiate further therapeutic steps with, e. g., acetylcholine esterase inhibitors or, perspectively, neuropsychological training methods.
Schlüsselwörter
Parkinson - Demenz - Acetylcholinesteraseinhibitoren - Neuropsychologie - kognitive Störungen
Keywords
Parkinson’s disease - dementia - acetylcholine esterase inhibitors - neuropsychology - cognitive decline
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Univ.-Prof. Dr. Lars Timmermann
Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie Klinische
Forschergruppe 219
Universitätsklinik Köln
Kerpener Straße 62
50924 Köln
Email: lars.timmermann@uk-koeln.de