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DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245768
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Severe Agranulocytosis as a Rare Side Effect of Pegylated Interferon Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis B
Schwere Agranulozytose als eine seltene Nebenwirkung der Therapie mit pegyliertem Interferon bei chronischer Hepatitis BPublication History
manuscript received: 19.8.2010
manuscript accepted: 21.9.2010
Publication Date:
09 May 2011 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Wir berichten über einen 19-jährigen Patienten mit einer chronischen HBe-Ag-positiven Hepatitis-B-Infektion, der schwere Agranulozytose als eine seltene Nebenwirkung der Therapie mit pegyliertem Interferon-alpha entwickelte. In den ersten 6 Monaten der antiviralen Therapie war HBV-DNA nicht mehr nachweisbar und die HBsAg-Serumkonzentration fiel signifikant ab. Sechs Monate nach Einleitung der Interferon-Therapie stellte sich der Patient jedoch in unserer Notfallaufnahme in einem deutlich reduzierten Allgemeinzustand vor. Er gab an, seit 2 Tagen Fieber, Schüttelfrost und Schluckbeschwerden bei Mukositis zu haben. Die Blutbilduntersuchung zeigte eine komplette Agranulozytose. Die antivirale Therapie wurde unterbrochen und der Patient wurde stationär aufgenommen. Wir leiteten eine Therapie mit Breitbandantibiotika ein und ergänzten diese einige Tage später mit Prednisolon. Daraufhin waren die Blutbildveränderungen innerhalb einer Woche komplett rückläufig, und der Patient erholte sich vollends. Dieser Fall demonstriert die Bedeutung der Agranulozytose als eine zwar sehr seltene, jedoch äußerst gefährliche Nebenwirkung der Therapie mit pegyliertem Interferon.
Abstract
We report on a 19-year-old male patient with chronic HBeAg-positive hepatitis B-infection and agranulocytosis as a severe side effect of pegylated interferon alpha therapy. Within the first six months of therapy the hepatitis B virus DNA became undetectable in parallel with a significant decrease of the HBsAg serum concentration. After a six-month course of therapy the patient was admitted to our emergency unit. He appeared significantly ill and reported that he had fever for two days, painful oral mucosa, throat pain and general fatigue and discomfort. A complete blood cell count was performed and revealed a complete agranulocytosis with no detectable neutrophilic granulocytes in the blood smear. Antiviral therapy was immediately stopped and he was admitted to our clinic where a supportive therapy and an empirical course of broadband antibiotics were initiated. A few days later an additional treatment with intravenous prednisolone was started. Within the next week the agranulocytosis resolved and the neutrophil count was completely restored. In parallel, the clinical status improved quickly. This case demonstrates the need for our awareness of agranulocytosis as a rare but severe and potentially life-threatening side effect of interferon alpha therapy.
Schlüsselwörter
Hepatitis B - Agranulozytose - pegyliertes Interferon
Key words
hepatitis B - agranulocytosis - pegylated interferon
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Dr. Eugen Zizer
Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm
Albert-Einstein-Allee 23
89081 Ulm
Email: eugen.zizer@uniklinik-ulm.de