Muscle Variants of the Upper and Lower Limb (with Anatomical Correlation)

Carlo Martinoli; Maribel Miguel Perez; Luca Padua; Maura Valle; Enrico Capaccio; Luisa Altafini; Johan Michaud; Alberto Tagliafico

doi:10.1055/s-0030-1253155

Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2010; 14(2): 106-121
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1253155

Muscle Variants of the Upper and Lower Limb (with Anatomical Correlation)

Carlo Martinoli¹ , Maribel Miguel Perez² , Luca Padua³ ^, ⁴ , Maura Valle⁵ , Enrico Capaccio¹ , Luisa Altafini¹ , Johan Michaud⁶ , Alberto Tagliafico¹

¹Cattedra di Radiologia–DISC, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
²Unit of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, Faculty of Medicine (C Bellvitge), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
³Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus
⁴Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
⁵Department of Radiology, Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genova, Italy
⁶Department of Physiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Several accessory muscles in the upper and lower limb have been described in the medical literature. Most are asymptomatic and represent incidental findings at imaging. In some instances, however, these muscles may become clinically relevant producing palpable swelling, entrapment of neurovascular structures, or exercise-related pain. The diagnosis of accessory muscles is based on recognition of their typical location and on cross-sectional imaging features. Familiarity with their most common location and knowledge of the possible clinical syndromes caused by these supernumerary structures may aid in diagnosis and treatment.

KEYWORDS

Muscle anatomy - accessory muscles - ultrasound - magnetic resonance imaging

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Referenzen

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Carlo MartinoliM.D.

Department of Radiology, Cattedra di Radiologia–DISC

Largo Rosanna Benzi 8, I-16132 Genova, Italy

eMail: carlo.martinoli@libero.it