Abstract
This paper describes the development of a highly convenient solution-phase
methodology using volatile amines for the synthesis of β-, α,β-
and α-tetrapeptoids, as an alternative to solid-phase technologies.
Column chromatographic purifications are reduced to a minimum and
the majority of the intermediates are purified by filtration and/or
evaporation. The method is amenable to gram-scale synthesis of peptoids,
and post-modification of a model peptoid by successive and selective
ligations, using click thiol-ene coupling, and copper-catalysed
azide-alkyne cycloaddition is demonstrated.
Key words
peptoids - oligomers - gram-scale synthesis - thiol-ene coupling - cycloaddition -
post-modifications
References <A NAME="RT17610SS-1">1 </A>
Present address: Faculty of Life Sciences,
IGM, Section for Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej
40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Email: thhj@life.ku.dk.
<A NAME="RT17610SS-2A">2a </A>
Pseudo-Peptides in Drug Discovery
Nielsen PE.
Wiley-VCH;
Weinheim:
2004.
<A NAME="RT17610SS-2B">2b </A>
Patch JA.
Barron AE.
Curr.
Opin. Chem. Biol.
2002,
6:
872
<A NAME="RT17610SS-3A">3a </A>
Simon RJ.
Kania RS.
Zuckermann RN.
Huebner VD.
Jewell DA.
Banville S.
Ng S.
Wang L.
Rosenberg S.
Marlowe CK.
Spellmeyer DC.
Tan R.
Frankel AD.
Santi DV.
Cohen FE.
Bartlett PA.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
1992,
89:
9367
<A NAME="RT17610SS-3B">3b </A>
Patch JA.
Kirshenbaum K.
Seurynck SL.
Zuckermann RN.
Barron AE. In Pseudo-Peptides
in Drug Discovery
Nielsen PE.
Wiley-VCH;
Weinheim:
2004.
p.1-31
<A NAME="RT17610SS-4">4 </A>
Hamper BC.
Kolodziej SA.
Scates AM.
Smith RG.
Cortez E.
J. Org. Chem.
1998,
63:
708
<A NAME="RT17610SS-5">5 </A>
Hjelmgaard T.
Faure S.
Caumes C.
De Santis E.
Edwards AA.
Taillefumier C.
Org. Lett.
2009,
11:
4100
<A NAME="RT17610SS-6A">6a </A>
Armand P.
Kirshenbaum K.
Falicov A.
Dunbrack RL.
Dill KA.
Zuckermann RN.
Cohen FE.
Folding Des.
1997,
2:
369
<A NAME="RT17610SS-6B">6b </A>
Kirschenbaum K.
Barron AE.
Goldsmith RA.
Armand P.
Bradley EK.
Truong KTV.
Dill KA.
Cohen FE.
Zuckermann RN.
Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. U.S.A.
1998,
95:
4303
<A NAME="RT17610SS-6C">6c </A>
Wu CW.
Sanborn TJ.
Huang K.
Zuckermann RN.
Barron AE.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2001,
123:
6778
<A NAME="RT17610SS-6D">6d </A>
Sanborn TJ.
Wu CW.
Zuckermann RN.
Barron AE.
Biopolymers
2002,
63:
12
<A NAME="RT17610SS-6E">6e </A>
Lee B.-C.
Zuckermann RN.
Dill KA.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2005,
127:
10999
<A NAME="RT17610SS-6F">6f </A>
Fowler SA.
Luechapanichkul R.
Blackwell HE.
J. Org. Chem.
2009,
74:
1440
<A NAME="RT17610SS-6G">6g </A>
Seo J.
Barron AE.
Zuckermann RN.
Org. Lett.
2010,
12:
492
<A NAME="RT17610SS-7A">7a </A>
Fowler SA.
Blackwell HE.
Org. Biomol. Chem.
2009,
7:
1508
<A NAME="RT17610SS-7B">7b </A>
Zuckermann RN.
Kodadek T.
Curr. Opin.
Mol. Ther.
2009,
11:
299
<A NAME="RT17610SS-7C">7c </A>
Yoo B.
Kirshenbaum K.
Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol.
2008,
12:
714
<A NAME="RT17610SS-8">8 </A>
Roy O.
Faure S.
Thery V.
Didierjean C.
Taillefumier C.
Org.
Lett.
2008,
10:
921
<A NAME="RT17610SS-9">9 </A>
Norgren AS.
Zhang S.
Arvidsson PI.
Org.
Lett.
2006,
8:
4533
<A NAME="RT17610SS-10A">10a </A>
Gorske BC.
Jewell SA.
Guerard EJ.
Blackwell HE.
Org. Lett.
2005,
7:
1521
<A NAME="RT17610SS-10B">10b </A>
Olivos HJ.
Alluri PG.
Reddy MM.
Salony D.
Kodadek T.
Org. Lett.
2002,
4:
4057
<A NAME="RT17610SS-10C">10c </A>
Fowler SA.
Stacy DM.
Blackwell HE.
Org. Lett.
2008,
10:
2329
<A NAME="RT17610SS-10D">10d </A>
Messeguer J.
Cortes N.
García-Sanz N.
Navarro-Vendrell G.
Ferrer-Montiel A.
Messeguer A.
J. Comb. Chem.
2008,
10:
974
<A NAME="RT17610SS-10E">10e </A>
Fritz D.
Bräse S.
Synlett
2010,
1544
<A NAME="RT17610SS-11A">11a </A>
Dondoni A.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2008,
47:
8995
<A NAME="RT17610SS-11B">11b </A>
Hoyle CE.
Bowman CN.
Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed.
2010,
49:
1540
<A NAME="RT17610SS-11C">11c </A>
Lowe AB.
Polym. Chem.
2010,
1:
17
<A NAME="RT17610SS-12A">12a </A>
Huisgen R.
Pure Appl. Chem.
1989,
61:
613
<A NAME="RT17610SS-12B">12b </A>
Tornoe CW.
Christensen C.
Meldal M.
J. Org. Chem.
2002,
67:
3057
<A NAME="RT17610SS-12C">12c </A>
Rostovtsev VV.
Green LG.
Fokin VV.
Sharpless KB.
Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed.
2002,
41:
2596
<A NAME="RT17610SS-12D">12d </A>
Kolb HC.
Sharpless KB.
Drug
Discovery Today
2003,
8:
1128
<A NAME="RT17610SS-13A">13a </A>
Holub JM.
Kirshenbaum K.
Chem.
Soc. Rev.
2010,
39:
1325
<A NAME="RT17610SS-13B">13b </A>
Schilling C.
Jung N.
Bräse S. In Click Chemistry for Biotechnology and Materials
Science
Lahann J.
Wiley;
Chichester:
2009.
Chap.
2.
p.9
<A NAME="RT17610SS-13C">13c </A>
Jang H.
Farfarman A.
Holub JM.
Kirshenbaum K.
Org. Lett.
2005,
7:
1951
<A NAME="RT17610SS-13D">13d </A>
Holub JM.
Jang H.
Kirshenbaum K.
Org. Biomol. Chem.
2006,
4:
1497
<A NAME="RT17610SS-13E">13e </A>
Norgren AS.
Budke C.
Majer Z.
Heggemann C.
Koop T.
Sewald N.
Synthesis
2009,
488
<A NAME="RT17610SS-14">14 </A>
Posner T.
Chem.
Ber.
1905,
38:
646
<A NAME="RT17610SS-15A">15a </A>
Campos LM.
Killops KL.
Sakai R.
Paulusse JMJ.
Damiron D.
Drockenmuller DE.
Messmore BM.
Hawker CJ.
Macromolecules
2008,
41:
7063
<A NAME="RT17610SS-15B">15b </A>
Fiore M.
Chambery A.
Marra A.
Dondoni A.
Org. Biomol. Chem.
2009,
7:
3910
<A NAME="RT17610SS-15C">15c </A>
Nurmi L.
Lindqvist J.
Randev R.
Syrett J.
Haddleton DM.
Chem.
Commun.
2009,
2727
<A NAME="RT17610SS-15D">15d </A>
Iehl J.
Nierengarten J.-F.
Chem. Commun.
2010,
46:
4160
<A NAME="RT17610SS-16">16 </A>
Fiore M.
Marra A.
Dondoni A.
J.
Org. Chem.
2009,
74:
4422
<A NAME="RT17610SS-17">17 </A>
Cohen SG.
Chao HM.
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
1968,
90:
165