Zusammenfassung
Die 2009 veröffentlichten Europäischen Leitlinien
zur Diagnostik und Therapie der pulmonalen Hypertonie (PH) sind
auch in Deutschland gültig. Innerhalb des dort detailliert
beschriebenen Vorgehens zur Evaluation von Patienten mit PH ist die
invasive Diagnostik mit dem Rechtsherzkatheter für die
Diagnosefindung, Prognoseabschätzung und Therapiesteuerung
unverzichtbar. Die Sicherung der Diagnose beruht weiterhin auf dem
invasiven Nachweis eines mittleren Pulmonalarteriendruckes (PAPm) ≥ 25 mm Hg
und in Abhängigkeit vom pulmonalkapillären Verschlußdruck
(PCWP) wird die prä- (PCWP ≤ 15 mmHg)
von der post- (PCWP > 15 mm Hg)
kapillären PH unterschieden.
Die Testung der pulmonalen Vasoreagibilität ist Teil der
invasiven Diagnostik und kann entscheidende Hinweise für
die Therapieauswahl geben. Durchführung und Interpretation
dieser Testung werden mit den Leitlinien standardisiert. Neue Daten
zur Testung mit inhalativem Iloprost aktualisieren diese Empfehlungen
und haben angesichts des häufigen diagnostischen Einsatzes
dieser Substanz im deutschsprachigen Raum besondere Bedeutung.
Als weitere Aspekte der invasiven Diagnostik werden die Verlaufsbeurteilung
und Therapiesteuerung sowie Besonderheiten bei einzelnen Untergruppen
der PH und der Einsatz bei Kindern erläutert und kommentiert.
Im Juni 2010 fand in Köln eine Konsensuskonferenz statt,
die von den Arbeitsgruppen PH der Deutschen Gesellschaften für
Kardiologie (DGK), Pneumologie (DGP) und Pädiatrische Kardiologie (DGPK)
organisiert wurde. Die Konferenz befasste sich mit der Umsetzung
der Europäischen Leitlinien in Deutschland. Dazu wurden
verschiedene Arbeitsgruppen eingesetzt, von denen sich eine gezielt
der invasiven Diagnostik bei PH widmete. Die Ergebnisse und Beschlüsse
dieser Arbeitsgruppe werden in dem vorliegenden Manuskript detailliert
beschrieben.
Abstract
The 2009 European Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary
Hypertension (PH) have been adopted for Germany. Invasive hemodynamic
data obtained by right heart catheterization are essential to confirm
the diagnosis, test vasoreactivity, assess severity and guide therapy
in PH patients. The definition of PH is resting on a mean pulmonary
artery pressure ≥ 25 mm Hg obtained by
right heart catheterization. Furthermore, a pulmonary capillary
wedge pressure > 15 mm Hg excludes
pre-capillary PH.
Vasoreactivity testing is part of the diagnostic work-up in pulmonary
arterial hypertension. Recent data on the use of inhaled iloprost
update these guidelines and are of special importance due to the
frequent diagnostic use of iloprost in Germany.
Other aspects of invasive hemodynamic data in certain PH subgroups
as well as their measurement and interpretation in children are
discussed.
Several aspects of right heart catheterization in PH justify a detailed
commentary, and in some areas an update already appears necessary.
In June 2010, a Consensus Conference organized by the PH working
groups of the German Society of Cardiology (DGK), the German Society
of Respiratory Medicine (DGP) and the German Society of Paediatric
Cardiology (DGPK) was held in Cologne, Germany. This conference
aimed to solve practical and controversial issues surrounding the
implementation of the European Guidelines in Germany. To this end,
a number of working groups were initiated, one of which was specifically
addressing the invasive hemodynamic evaluation of patients with
PH. This commentary summarizes the results and recommendations of
this working group.
Schlüsselwörter
Pulmonale Hypertonie - Rechtsherzkatheter - Vasoreagibilitätstestung - Leitlinien
- Diagnostik
Keywords
pulmonary hypertension - right heart catheterization - vasoreactivity testing - guidelines
- diagnosis
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Christian Opitz
Klinik für Innere Medizin, Schwerpunkt Kardiologie DRK
Kliniken Berlin Köpenick
Salvador-Allende-Straße
2–8
12559 Berlin
Telefon: 030/3035-3318
Fax: 030/3035-3321
eMail: c.opitz@drk-kliniken-berlin.de