Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1273441
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Klinische Hirnanatomie neuropsychologischer Syndrome
Clinical Neuroanatomy of Neuropsychological SyndromesPublication History
Publication Date:
01 August 2011 (online)

Lernziele
Neuropsychologische Syndrome sind häufige Folgen von akuten und chronischen Hirnschädigungen. Sie haben oft erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Alltagskompetenz der Betroffenen. Viele kognitive Störungsbilder haben einen hirnlokalisatorischen Bezug. Die Kenntnis ihrer Neuroanatomie hilft dem Kliniker bei der Lokalisation und Diagnose von zerebralen Krankheitsprozessen. Umgekehrt kann sie auch zusammen mit der Bildgebung bei der hypothesengesteuerten Planung einer neuropsychologischen Diagnostik dienlich sein. Dieser Artikel vermittelt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Kenntnisstand.
Literatur
- 1
Harlow J M.
Recovery from the Passage of an Iron Bar Through the Head.
Publications of the Massachusetts Medical Society.
1868;
2
327-347
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 2
Damasio H, Grabowski T, Frank R et al.
The return of Phineas Gage: clues about the brain from the skull of a famous patient.
Science.
1994;
264
1102-1105
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 3
Macmillan M, Lena M L.
Rehabilitating Phineas Gage.
Neuropsychol Rehabil.
2010;
20
641-658
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 4
Broca P.
Perte de la parole: ramollissement chronique et destruction partielle du lobe anterieur
gauche du cerveau.
Bulletins de la Societe d’anthropologie, 1re serie.
1861;
2
235-238
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 5
Dronkers N F, Plaisant O, Iba-Zizen M T et al.
Paul Broca’s historic cases: high resolution MR imaging of the brains of Leborgne
and Lelong.
Brain.
2007;
130 (Pt 5)
1432-1441
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 6
Mesulam M M.
From sensation to cognition.
Brain.
1998;
121 (Pt 6)
1013-1052
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 7
Catani M, Ffytche D H.
The rises and falls of disconnection syndromes.
Brain.
2005;
128 (Pt 10)
2224-2239
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 8 Prosiegel M. Beschreibung der Patientenstichprobe einer neuropsychologischen Rehabilitationsklinik. In: Cramon von D, Zihl J, (Hrsg) Neuropsychologische Rehabilitation.. Rehabilitation und Prävention 19. Heidelberg: Springer; 1988: 386-399
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 9
Sturm W, Willmes K.
Efficacy of a reaction training on various attentional and cognitive functions in
stroke patients.
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation.
2001;
1
259-280
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 10
Shiffrin R M, Schneider W.
Automatic and controlled processing revisited.
Psychol Rev.
1984;
91
269-276
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 11
Sturm W, Simone de A, Krause B J et al.
Functional anatomy of intrinsic alertness: evidence for a fronto-parietal-thalamic-brainstem
network in the right hemisphere.
Neuropsychologia.
1999;
37
797-805
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 12
Howes D, Boller F.
Simple reaction time: evidence for focal impairment from lesions of the right hemisphere.
Brain.
1975;
98
317-332
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 13
McDonald C R, Bauer R M, Filoteo J V et al.
Attentional inhibition in patients with focal frontal lobe lesions.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol.
2005;
27
485-503
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 14
Sasaki Y, Hadjikhani N, Fischl B et al.
Local and global attention are mapped retinotopically in human occipital cortex.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
2001;
98
2077-2082
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 15
Demaree H, DeLuca J, Gaudino E A et al.
Speed of information processing as a key deficit in multiple sclerosis: implications
for rehabilitation.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
1999;
67
661-663
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 16
Guillery R W, Feig S L, Loszadi D A.
Paying attention to the thalamic reticular nucleus.
Trends in Neurosci.
1998;
21
28-32
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 17 Plum F, Posner J B. The diagnosis of stupor and coma. Philadelphia: Davis Company; 1980
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 18
Wheeler M E, Petersen S E, Buckner R L.
Memory’s echo: vivid remembering reactivates sensory-specific cortex.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
2000;
97
11125-11129
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 19
Squire L R.
The legacy of patient H. M. for neuroscience.
Neuron.
2009;
61
6-9
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 20
Bartsch T, Alfke K, Stingele R et al.
Selective affection of hippocampal CA-1 neurons in patients with transient global
amnesia without long-term sequelae.
Brain.
2006;
129 (Pt 11)
2874-2884
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 21
Cramon von D, Hebel N.
Lern- und Gedächtnisstörungen bei fokalen zerebralen Gewebsnekrosen.
Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr.
1989;
57
544-550
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 22
Böttger S, Prosiegel M, Steiger H J et al.
Neurobehavioural disturbances, rehabilitation outcome, and lesion site in patients
after rupture and repair of anterior communicating artery aneurysm.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
1998;
65
93-102
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 23
Debiec J, Díaz-Mataix L, Bush D E et al.
The amygdala encodes specific sensory features of an aversive reinforcer.
Nat Neurosci.
2010;
13
536-537
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 24
Schnider A.
Spontaneous confabulation and the adaptation of thought to ongoing reality.
Nat Rev Neurosci.
2003;
4
662-671
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 25
Kroll N E, Markowitsch H J, Knight R T et al.
Retrieval of old memories: the temporofrontal hypothesis.
Brain.
1997;
120
1377-1399
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 26
Markowitsch H J.
Functional retrograde amnesia – mnestic block syndrome.
Cortex.
2002;
38
651-654
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 27
Drechsler R.
Exekutive Funktionen: Übersicht und Taxonomie.
Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie.
2007;
18
233-248
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 28
Wilson C R, Gaffan D, Browning P G et al.
Functional localization within the prefrontal cortex: missing the forest for the trees?.
Trends Neurosci.
2010;
33
533-540
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 29
Chikazoe J, Konishi S, Asari T et al.
Activation of right inferior frontal gyrus during response inhibition across response
modalities.
J Cogn Neurosci.
2007;
19
69-80
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 30
Dagher A, Owen A M, Boecker H et al.
Mapping the network for planning: a correlational PET activation study with the Tower
of London task.
Brain.
1999;
122 (Pt 10)
1973-1987
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 31
Gilbert S J, Henson R N, Simons J S.
The Scale of Functional Specialization within Human Prefrontal Cortex.
J Neurosci.
2010;
30
1233-1237
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 32
Kinnunen K M, Greenwood R, Powell J H et al.
White matter damage and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury.
Brain.
2011;
134 (Pt 2)
449-463
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 33
Lamar M, Price C C, Giovannetti T et al.
The dysexecutive syndrome associated with ischaemic vascular disease and related subcortical
neuropathology: a Boston process approach.
Behav Neurol.
2010;
22
53-62
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 34
Saver J L, Damasio A R.
Preserved access and processing of social knowledge in a patient with acquired sociopathy
due to ventromedial frontal damage.
Neuropsychologia.
1991;
29
1241-1249
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 35
Bechara A, Damasio A R, Damasio H et al.
Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex.
Cognition.
1994;
50
7-15
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 36
Maia T V, McClelland J L.
A reexamination of the evidence for the somatic marker hypothesis: what participants
really know in the Iowa gambling task.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
2004;
101
16075-16080
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 37
Manes F, Sahakian B, Clark L et al.
Decision-making processes following damage to the prefrontal cortex.
Brain.
2002;
125 (Pt 3)
624-639
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 38
Kravitz D J, Saleem K S, Baker C I et al.
A new neural framework for visuospatial processing.
Nat Rev Neurosci.
2011;
12
217-230
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 39
Karnath H O, Rüter J, Mandler A et al.
The anatomy of object recognition – visual form agnosia caused by medial occipitotemporal
stroke.
J Neurosci.
2009;
29
5854-5862
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 40
Rizzo M, Vecera S P.
Psychoanatomical substrates of Bálint’s syndrome.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
2002;
72
162-178
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 41
Ringman J M, Saver J L, Woolson R F et al.
Frequency, risk factors, anatomy, and course of unilateral neglect in an acute stroke
cohort.
Neurology.
2004;
63
468-474
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 42
Karnath H O, Fruhmann Berger M, Kuker W et al.
The anatomy of spatial neglect based on voxelwise statistical analysis: a study of
140 patients.
Cereb Cortex.
2004;
14
1164-1172
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 43
Golay L, Schnider A, Ptak R.
Cortical and subcortical anatomy of chronic spatial neglect following vascular damage.
Behav Brain Funct.
2008;
4
43
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 44
Willmes K, Poeck K.
To what extent can aphasic syndromes be localized?.
Brain.
1993;
116 (Pt 6)
1527-1540
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 45
Damasio A R.
Aphasia.
N Engl J Med.
1992;
326
531-539
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 46
Catani M, Jones D K, Ffytche D H.
Perisylvian language networks of the human brain.
Ann Neurol.
2005;
57
8-16
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 47
Hickok G, Poeppel D.
The cortical organization of speech processing.
Nat Rev Neurosci.
2007;
8
393-402
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 48
Saur D, Kreher B W, Schnell S et al.
Ventral and dorsal pathways for language.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
2008;
105
18035-18040
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 49
Dronkers N F.
A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation.
Nature.
1996;
384
159-161
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 50
Hillis A E, Work M, Barker P B et al.
Re-examining the brain regions crucial for orchestrating speech articulation.
Brain.
2004;
127
1479-1487
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 51
Goldenberg G, Hagmann S.
Tool use and mechanical problem solving in apraxia.
Neuropsychologia.
1998;
36
581-589
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 52
Weiss P H, Fink G R.
Strukturelle und funktionelle Bildgebung zur Pathopysiologie der Apraxie.
Nervenarzt.
2010;
81
1444-1449
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 53
Leiguarda R C, Marsden C D.
Limb apraxias – Higher-order disorders of sensorimotor integration.
Brain.
2000;
123
860-879
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 54
Goldenberg G, Strauss S.
Hemisphere asymmetries for imitation of novel gestures.
Neurology.
2002;
59
893-897
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
- 55
Goldenberg G, Karnath H O.
The neural basis of imitation is body part specific.
J Neurosci.
2006;
26
6282-6287
Reference Ris Wihthout Link
Dr. Mario Paulig
Neurologie und klinische Neurophysiologie, Schön Klinik München Schwabing
Parzivalplatz 4
80804 München
Email: mpaulig@schoen-kliniken.de