Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Bestehende Lehrmeinungen und Studienergebnisse bezüglich der Achillessehnendimensionen
im Ultraschall und einer fraglichen Belastungsadaptation der Achillessehne bei Hochleistungssportlern
werden erstmals an einem großen Kollektiv in vivo überprüft. Die pathologische Wertigkeit
der Sehnenverdickung beim Leistungssportler wird kritisch hinterfragt. Material und Methode: Neben 202 Kaderathleten des Deutschen Leichtathletikverbands wurden 199 altersgematchte
Normalpersonen sonografisch untersucht. Mittels des tragbaren Ultraschallgeräts Just
Vision wurden 404 Achillessehnen von Leistungssportlern mit 398 Achillessehnen von
Normalpersonen im Hinblick auf die Sehnendicke verglichen. Zusätzlich wurden pathologische
Veränderungen erfasst. Ergebnisse: An der kalkanearen Insertion betrug die Dicke der Achillessehnen im Mittel 4,2 ± 0,72 mm.
Die Sehnen der Athleten waren dicker als die der Normalpersonen (p < 0,001), allerdings
berichteten sie auch über mehr klinische Beschwerden (p < 0,001). Im Gegensatz zu
den Normalpersonen waren die Sehnen der Athleten mit steigender Dicke klinisch auffälliger.
Ab einer Achillessehnendicke an der Taille von 6,0 mm war mit hoher Sicherheit von
klinisch-pathologischen Veränderungen auszugehen. Schlussfolgerungen: Erstmals werden valide Daten zur Achillessehnendicke bei Hochleistungsathleten und
Normalpersonen vorgestellt. Das Ergebnismuster widerspricht eindeutig einer physiologischen
Trainingsadaptation der Achillessehne.
Abstract
Background: Current theories and empirical results regarding the sonographic dimensions of the
Achilles tendon as well as an alleged training adaptation of the tendon in competitive
athletes are tested for the first time in a large in vivo sample. The pathological
validity of a thickened tendon in competitive athletes is under scrutiny. Material and Method: In addition to 202 national squad athletes from the German track and field federation,
199 age-matched normal individuals were examined sonographically. The portable ultrasound
scanner Just Vision was used to compare 404 Achilles tendons of athletes with 398
Achilles tendons of normal individuals as to tendon diameter. Furthermore, pathologies
were assessed. Results: Achilles tendon diameter at the calcanear insertion was 4.2 ± 0.72 mm on average.
Athletes' tendons were thicker than normal tendons (p < 0.001) – athletes, however,
also reported more clinical symptoms (p < 0.001). In athletes, increasing diameters
were associated with more clinical problems as opposed to normal individuals. At the
tendon waist, diameters above 6.0 mm were very likely to go along with pathologies.
Conclusions: For the first time, valid data of Achilles tendon diameters in competitive athletes
and normal individuals have been presented. The emerging pattern of results clearly
contradicts the notion of a physiological training adaptation of the Achilles tendon.
Schlüsselwörter
Achillessehne - Ultraschall - Sehnendicke - Hochleistungssport - Trainingsadaptation
Key words
Achilles tendon - ultrasound - tendon diameter - competitive sports - training adaptation
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. Axel Baltzer
Zentrum für Molekulare Orthopädie
Königsallee 53–55
40212 Düsseldorf
Phone: 02 11/82 89-37 10
Fax: 02 11/82 89-37 11
Email: axel.baltzer@gmx.de