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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1286107
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Pankreaskarzinom: ein Schritt vorwärts in der Behandlung
Management of pancreatic cancer: recent advancesPublication History
eingereicht: 30.5.2011
akzeptiert: 18.8.2011
Publication Date:
31 August 2011 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Das Pankreaskarzinom hat eine schlechte Prognose und ist heute die vierthäufigste krebsbedingte Todesursache. Die chirurgische Resektion ist die Voraussetzung einer potenziell kurativen Therapie, die jedoch lediglich bei ca. 20 % der Patienten durchgeführt werden kann. Die 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate nach Resektion beträgt jedoch ca. 25 %. Die Pankreaschirurgie ist technisch anspruchsvoll und hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten grundlegend verändert. Standardresektionen haben eine niedrige Morbidität und eine Letalität unter 5 %, wenn sie in Pankreaszentren erfolgen. Auch ausgedehnte Resektionen inklusive Gefäßresektionen und Multiviszeralresektionen sind onkologisch sinnvoll und können heutzutage sicher durchgeführt werden. Primär lokal irresektable Pankreastumore können in ca. 20 % nach einer neoadjuvanten Radiochemotherapie reseziert werden. Die postoperative adjuvante Chemotherapie ist heute Standard und führt zu einer Verbesserung des Langzeitüberlebens. Somit sollte die Therapie des Pankreaskarzinoms durch ein interdisziplinäres Team an einem Pankreaszentrum durchgeführt werden.
In den letzten Jahren werden zunehmend potenziell maligne zystische Pankreastumore (u. a. IPMN) häufig noch im präneoplastischen oder frühen Stadien diagnostiziert. Während die Prognose der fortgeschrittenen zystischen Pankreaskarzinome identisch zu den duktalen Pankreaskarzinomen ist, erzielt die prophylaktische Resektion bzw. Resektion frühinvasiver Krankheitsstadien der IPMNs ein exzellentes Langzeitüberleben. Somit sollte die operative Therapie bei potenziell malignen zystischen Pankreastumoren früh durchgeführt werden.
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is still associated with a poor prognosis and remains the fourth leading cause of cancer related mortality. Overall, long-term survival is about 5 %. However, when pancreatic cancer can be resected, five-year survival rates increase to approximately 25 %. Pancreatic surgery is technically challenging and has significantly changed over the past decades with regard to technical aspects as well as perioperative care. Standardized resections can be carried out with low morbidity and a mortality below 5 % in high volume institutions. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that also more extended resections including multivisceral approaches, vessel reconstructions or surgery for tumor recurrence can be carried out safely with favorable outcomes. In addition, about 20 percent of all primarily locally irresectable tumors may profit from neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy. The impact of adjuvant chemotherapy has increased over recent years, leading to improved long-term survival. Thus, pancreatic cancer should be treated in an interdisciplinary team at a pancreatic cancer center.
Cystic pancreatic tumors (e. g. IPMNs) are diagnosed more and more frequently over the past decade. Often, these tumors are diagnosed in premalignant or early invasive stages. While the outcome of late tumor stages of cystic and ductal pancreatic carcinomas is identical to ductal adenocarcinomas, the long-term outcome of prophylactic resection of premalignant or resection of early tumor stages of cystic tumors is excellent. Thus, early surgical treatment must be considered in cystic pancreatic tumors.
Schlüsselwörter
Pankreaskarzinom - zystische Pankreastumore - chirurgische Therapie - Pankreasresektionen - neoadjuvante Therapie
Keywords
pancreatic cancer - pancreatic cysts - surgical treatment - pancreatic resections - neoadjuvant treatment
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Prof. Dr. Markus W. Büchler
Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie
Im
Neuenheimer Feld 110
69120 Heidelberg
Phone: 06221/566200
Fax: 06221/565450
Email: Markus.Buechler@med.uni-heidelberg.de