Die Bedeutung des intestinalen Mikrobioms für die Gesundheit des Menschen

Zusammenfassung

Die Mikrobiota des Menschen vereinigt ein breites Spektrum an Mikroorganismen, wie Bakterien, Archaeen, Protozoen, Viren und Pilze (Hefen). Die Gesamtheit aller Mikroorganismen und ihrer Gene wird als Mikrobiom bezeichnet. Dabei werden Körperoberflächen des Menschen einschließlich Haut, Lunge, Gastrointestinal- und Vaginaltrakt als Lebensraum genutzt. Welche Zusammenhänge bestehen dabei zwischen der intestinalen Mikrobiota und der Gesundheit des Menschen?

Schlüsselwörter

Intestinale Mikrobiota - Mikrobiom - Darmfunktionen - Immunsystem - Stoffwechsel

• Literatur

• 1 Renz H, von Mutius E, Brandtzaeg P et al. Gene-environment interactions in chronic inflammatory disease. Nat Immunol 2011; 12: 273-277
• 2 McNeil NI. The contribution of the large intestine to energy supplies in man. Am J Clin Nutr 1984; 39: 338-342
• 3 Human Microbiome Project Consortium. Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature 2012; 486: 207-214
• 4 Qin J, Li R, Raes J et al. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 2010; 464: 59-65
• 5 Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI et al. Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Nature 2012; 489: 220-230
• 6 Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E et al. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 2011; 473: 174-180
• 7 Wu GD, Chen J, Hoffmann C et al. Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes. Science 2011; 334: 105-108
• 8 Dominguez-Bello MG, Costello EK, Contreras M et al. Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107: 11971-11975
• 9 Coppa GV, Zampini L, Galeazzi T, Gabrielli O. Prebiotics in human milk: a review. Dig Liver Dis 2006; 38 (Suppl. 2): S291-294
• 10 Koenig JE, Spor A, Scalfone N et al. Succession of microbial consortia in the developing infant gut microbiome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 38 (Suppl. 01) 4578-4585
• 11 Thavagnanam S, Fleming J, Bromley A et al. A meta-analysis of the association between Caesarean section and childhood asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 38: 629-633
• 12 De Filippo C, Cavalieri D, Di Paola M et al. Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107: 14691-14696
• 13 Claesson MJ, Jeffery IB, Conde S et al. Gut microbiota composition correlates with diet and health in the elderly. Nature 2012; 488: 178-184
• 14 Caporaso JG, Lauber CL, Costello EK et al. Moving pictures of the human microbiome. Genome Biol 2011; 12: R50
• 15 Manichanh C, Rigottier-Gois L, Bonnaud E et al. Reduced diversity of faecal microbiota in Crohn‘s disease revealed by a metagenomic approach. Gut 2006; 55: 205-211
• 16 Morgan XC, Tickle TL, Sokol H et al. Dysfunction of the intestinal microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease and treatment. Genome Biol 2012; 13: R79
• 17 Matto J, Maunuksela L, Kajander K et al. Composition and temporal stability of gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome – a longitudinal study in IBS and control subjects. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2005; 43: 213-222
• 18 Russell SL, Finlay BB. The impact of gut microbes in allergic diseases. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2012; 28: 563-569
• 19 Karlsson FH, Tremaroli V, Nookaew I et al. Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control. Nature 2013; 498: 99-103
• 20 Turnbaugh PJ, Hamady M, Yatsunenko T et al. A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature 2009; 457: 480-484