Effects of Neonatal Programming on Hypothalamic Mechanisms Controlling Energy Balance

C. Contreras; M. G. Novelle; R. Leis; C. Diéguez; S. Skrede; M. López

doi:10.1055/s-0033-1351281

Hormone and Metabolic Research, Table of Contents

Horm Metab Res 2013; 45(13): 935-944
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1351281

Review

Effects of Neonatal Programming on Hypothalamic Mechanisms Controlling Energy Balance

C. Contreras^*

¹Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

²CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain

,

M. G. Novelle^*

¹Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

²CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain

,

R. Leis

³Department of Pediatrics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

,

C. Diéguez

¹Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

²CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain

,

S. Skrede

⁴Dr. Einar Martens’ Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

⁵Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

,

M. López

¹Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

²CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in most developed countries has markedly increased during the last decades. In addition to genetic, hormonal, and metabolic influences, environmental factors like fetal and neonatal nutrition play key roles in the development of obesity. Interestingly, overweight during critical developmental periods of fetal and/or neonatal life has been demonstrated to increase the risk of obesity throughout juvenile life into adulthood. In spite of this evidence, the specific mechanisms underlying this fetal/neonatal programming are not perfectly understood. However, it is clear that circulating hormones such as insulin and leptin play a critical role in the development and programming of hypothalamic circuits regulating energy balance. Here, we review what is currently known about the impact of perinatal malnutrition on the mechanisms regulating body weight homeostasis. Understanding these molecular mechanisms may provide new targets for the treatment of obesity.

Key words

energy balance - hypothalamus - obesity - programming

Full Text

References

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