Substanzmissbrauchsmuster von Universitätsstudierenden: Regionale und Geschlechtsdifferenzen

Zusammenfassung

Ziel: Studierende unterliegen einem besonders hohen Risiko für Substanzmissbrauch. Epidemiologische Daten über regionale und geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bezüglich Substanzmissbrauchsmuster sind nur begrenzt vorhanden.

Design: Standardisierte Erfassung von Prävalenzen, ohne Intervention.

Setting: Die Daten wurden an Universitäten in Wien (Stadt) erhoben und mit Daten, die in gleicher Weise und in identen Studienrichtungen an Universitäten in Innsbruck (Land) erhoben wurden, verglichen.

Teilnehmer: Von Mai bis Oktober 2010 wurden Daten von städtischen Studierenden (n=1025; mittleres Alter: 21,03 Jahre; 62,7% weiblich) erhoben. Diese wurden mit Daten von ländlichen Studierenden aus einer Vorstudie (2006) verglichen (n=873; mittleres Alter: 22,14 Jahre; 65,9% weiblich).

Fragebögen: Anamnesefragebogen zum Sub­stanzkonsum, Fagerström-Test (Nikotinabhängigkeit), CAGE-Test (Alkoholscreening), SF-36 Fragebogen zum Gesundheitszustand, Beck-Depres­sions-Inventar, Zerssen-Beschwerdenliste (subjektive physische und psychische Beschwerden).

Ergebnisse: Ein hervorstechendes Ergebnis war die hohe Prävalenz des Nikotinkonsums (38,2%), wobei eine signifikant höhere Rate von täglichem Nikotinkonsum bei ländlichen Studierenden (p≤0,001) verglichen mit städtischen gefunden wurde. 32,4% der Männer und 21,4% der Frauen zeigten Zeichen einer Alkoholabhängigkeit mit weiterem Abklärungsbedarf im CAGE-Test. 18,5% aller Studierenden berichteten Cannabiskonsum, 9,9% täglich. Männer berichteten signifikant häufiger täglichen Alkoholkonsum (p≤0,001) und täglichen Cannabiskonsum (p=0,007) als Frauen. 6,2% der Studierenden berichteten über den Konsum von Benzodiazepinen. 35,4% aller Studierenden konsumierten Analgetika, wobei die Prävalenz bei Frauen signifikant höher war als bei Männern (p≤0,001).

Schlussfolgerung: Das Ausmaß des schädlichen Alkohol- und Nikotinkonsums in dieser Population ist beträchtlich. Signifikante Geschlechtsunterschiede bestehen. Besonders Alkoholabhängigkeit und die nicht-verordnete Einnahme von verschreibungspflichtigen Medikamenten sollten vermehrt in den Fokus von geschlechtssensitiven Gesundheitsinterventionen für Studierende rücken.

Abstract

Aims: University students are at particular risk for substance abuse behaviours. Epidemiological data on regional and gender differences in substance abuse patterns among this population is very limited.

Design: Non-interventional epidemiological self-report assessment.

Setting: Data were collected at the University of Vienna (urban) and compared to data collected in the same manner for a prior study at the University of Innsbruck (rural).

Participants: The investigational period at Vienna University lasted from May 2010 to October 2010. These data collected from urban students (n=1 025; mean age: 21.03 years; 62.7% female) were compared to data from a rural University student sample (n=873; mean age: 22.14 years; 65.9% female) which had been collected for a prior study (2006).

Measurements: Substance consumption history questionnaire, Fagerström test (nicotine dependence), CAGE test (alcoholism screening), SF-36 Health Survey, Beck-Depression-Inventory, Zerssen-Beschwerdenliste (German questionnaire on subjective physical and psychological ailments).

Findings: The most striking result was the high prevalence of nicotine consumption (38.2%), at which rural students had a significantly higher rate of daily nicotine use (p≤0.001) than the urban group. 32.4% of men and 21.4% of women screened positively on the CAGE tool indicating further need for evaluation of alcohol dependence. 18.5% of all students reported cannabis consumption, 9.9% daily. Males had significantly higher rates of daily alcohol (p≤0.001) and daily cannabis use (p=0.007) than females. 6.2% of all students reported taking benzodiazepines. 35.4% of all students consumed analgetics, women significantly more prevalently (p≤0.001) than men.

Conclusions: The magnitude of alcohol and nicotine abuse among this population is profound. Gender differences were significant. Particularly alcohol dependence and non-medical prescription drug use should be a focus of student health interventions using gender sensitive approaches.

Schlüsselwörter

Studierende - Substanzmissbrauch - Geschlechtsunterschiede - regionale Unterschiede

Key words

university students - substance abuse - gender differences - regional differences

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