Int J Sports Med 2015; 36(10): 803-808
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1548766
Training & Testing
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

All-out Test in Tethered Canoe System can Determine Anaerobic Parameters of Elite Kayakers

L. H. D. Messias
,
H. G. Ferrari
,
F. A. B. Sousa
,
I. G. M. dos Reis
,
C. C. S. Serra
,
C. A. Gobatto
,
F. B. Manchado-Gobatto
Further Information

Publication History



accepted after revision 18 February 2015

Publication Date:
03 June 2015 (online)

Abstract

The aims of this study were to use a specific all-out 30-sec tethered test to determine the anaerobic parameters in elite kayakers and verify the relationship between these results and sports performance. Twelve elite slalom kayakers were evaluated. The tethered canoe system was created and used for the all-out 30-sec test application. Measurements of peak force, mean force, minimum force, fatigue index and impulse were performed. Performance evaluation was determined by measuring the time of race in a simulated race containing 24 gates on a white-water course. Blood was collected (25-µl) for analysis of lactate concentration at rest and at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10-min intervals after both the all-out test and the simulated race. The Pearson product moment correlation shows a inverse and significant relationship of peak force, mean force and impulse with time of race. Blood lactate concentrations after the all-out test and the simulated race peak at same time (4 min). Additionally, no interaction was visualized between time and all-out test/simulated race for blood lactate concentrations (P <0.365). These results suggest a relationship between the parameters of the all-out test and performance. Thus, the tethered canoe system is a useful tool for determining parameters that could be used in training control of slalom kayakers.

 
  • References

  • 1 Baker SJ. Post competition lactate levels in canoe slalomists. Br J Sports Med 1982; 16: 2
  • 2 Bar-Or O, Dotan R, Inbar O. A 30 sec all-out ergometer test – its reliability and validity for anaerobic capacity. Isr J Med Sci 1977; 13: 4
  • 3 Beneke R, Hutler M, Leithauser RM. Maximal lactate-steady-state independent of performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32: 1135-1139
  • 4 Beneke R, Hutler M, Von Duvillard SP, Sellens M, Leithauser RM. Effect of test interruptions on blood lactate during constant workload testing. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003; 35: 1626-1630
  • 5 Beneke R, Pollmann C, Bleif I, Leithauser RM, Hutler M. How anaerobic is the Wingate Anaerobic Test for humans?. Eur J Appl Physiol 2002; 87: 388-392
  • 6 Beneke R, von Duvillard SP. Determination of maximal lactate steady state response in selected sports events. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996; 28: 241-246
  • 7 Cheetham ME, Boobis LH, Brooks S, Williams C. Human muscle metabolism during sprint running. J Appl Physiol 1985; 61: 54-60
  • 8 Cheetham ME, Williams C, Lakomy HKA. A laboratory running test: Metabolic responses of sprint and endurance trained athletes. Br J Sports Med 1985; 19: 81-84
  • 9 Chia M, Lim JM. Concurrent validity of power output derived from the non-motorised treadmill test in sedentary adults. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2008; 37: 279-285
  • 10 Essner A, Sjostrom R, Ahlgren E, Lindmark B. Validity and reliability of Polar(R) RS800CX heart rate monitor, measuring heart rate in dogs during standing position and at trot on a treadmill. Physiol Behav 2013; 114–115: 1-5
  • 11 Fleming N, Donne B, Fletcher D, Mahony N. A biomechanical assessment of ergometer task specificity in elite flatwater kayakers. J Sports Sci Med 2012; 11: 16-25
  • 12 Harriss D, Atkinson G. Update – ethical standards in sport and exercise science research. Int J Sports Med 2014; 34: 1025-1028
  • 13 Hunter A. Canoe slalom boat trajectory while negotiating an upstream gate. Sport Biomech 2009; 8: 105-113
  • 14 Hunter A, Cochrane J, Sachlikidis A. Canoe slalom – competition analysis reliability. Sports Biomech 2007; 6: 155-170
  • 15 Hunter A, Cochrane J, Sachlikidis A. Canoe slalom competition analysis. Sports Biomech 2008; 7: 24-37
  • 16 Lima MCS, Ribeiro LFP, Papoti M, Santiago PRP, Cunha SA, Martins LEB, Gobatto CA. A semi-tethered test for power assessment in running. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32: 1-6
  • 17 Macintyre T, Moran A, Jennings DJ. Is controllability of imagery related to canoe-slalom performance?. Percept Motor Skill 2002; 94: 1245-1250
  • 18 Manchado-Gobatto FB, Ferrari HG, Messias LHD, Reis IGM, Terezani DR, Gobatto CA. Reproducibility of an all-out tethered field test for anaerobic parameters determination in slalom kayak. In 18th annual Congress of the European College of Sports Science 2013 Barcelona
  • 19 Manchado-Gobatto FB, Vieira NA, Messias LHD, Ferrari HG, Borin JP, Andrade VC, Terezani DR. Anaerobic threshold and critical velocity parameters determined by specific tests of canoe slalom: Effects of monitored training. Sci Sports 2014; 29: 55-58
  • 20 Messias LHD, Reis IGM, Ferrari HG, Manchado-Gobatto FB. Physiological, psychological and biomechanical parameters applied in canoe slalom training: a review. Int J Perform Anal Sport 2014; 14: 24-41
  • 21 Monod H, Scherrer J. The work capacity of a synergic muscular group. Ergonomics 1965; 8: 329-339
  • 22 Moran A, MacIntyre T. ‘There’s more to an image than meets the eye’: A qualitative study of kinaesthetic imagery among elite canoe-slalomists. Irish J Psychol 1998; 19: 406-423
  • 23 Nibali M, Hopkins WG, Drinkwater E. Variability and predictability of elite competitive slalom-kayak performance. Eur J Sport Sci 2011; 11: 125-130
  • 24 Papoti M, da Silva AS, Araujo GG, Santiago V, Martins LE, Cunha SA, Gobatto CA. Aerobic and anaerobic performances in tethered swimming. Int J Sports Med 2013; 34: 712-719
  • 25 Papoti M, Martins LE, Cunha SA, Zagatto AM, Gobatto CA. Effects of taper on swimming force and swimmer performance after an experimental ten-week training program. J Strength Cond Res 2007; 21: 538-542
  • 26 Sidney K, Shephard RJ. Physiological characteristics and performance of the White-Water paddler. Eur J Appl Physiol 1973; 32: 55-70
  • 27 Tegtbur U, Busse MW, Braumann KM. Estimation of an individual equilibrium between lactate production and catabolism during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1993; 25: 620-627
  • 28 White A, Hardy L. An In-Depth analysis of the uses of imagery by high-level canoe slalomists and artistic gymnasts. Sport Psychol 1998; 12: 387-403
  • 29 Zamparo P, Tomadini S, Didone F, Grazzina F, Rejc E, Capelli C. Bioenergetics of a slalom kayak (k1) competition. Int J Sports Med 2006; 27: 546-552