Indian Journal of Neurotrauma 2016; 13(02): Q5-Q7
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592300
Quiz
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd.

Neurotrauma Quiz: August 2016[*]

Mihika Sinha
1   K.M.C.Medical College, Manglore, Karnataka, India
,
Yashbir Dewan
2   Department of Neurosurgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Address for correspondence

Yashbir Dewan
Department of Neurosurgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences
Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248140
India   

Publication History

Publication Date:
31 August 2016 (online)

 

    Q1. In context of randomized clinical trial what is true?

    • Each participant has equal likelihood of being assigned to various arms of a study.

    • Selection and accidental bias is a possibility.

    • There is a possibility that unequal number of individuals may be assigned to each arm of the study.

    • All of the above.

    Q2. What is not true about block randomization?

    • High chances of unequal number of individuals assigned to various arms of a study.

    • Decrease the power to detect statistically significant differences between groups.

    • Block randomization is better than simple random allocation.

    • Simple random allocation is better than block randomization.

    Q3. What is one of the biomarkers that shows promise in the evaluation of traumatic brain injury?

    • Creatine kinase

    • Nitrotyrosine

    • Rubidium chloride

    • Troponin-I

    Q4. In block randomization, what is not true?

    • Allocation of participants may be predictable.

    • Selection bias can occur if the study groups are unmasked.

    • Selection bias can be reduced by using fixed block sizes.

    • Selection bias can be reduced by keeping the investigator blind to the size of each block.

    Q5. What is not true about INTRUST Trial?

    • It is a randomized clinical trial of glyburide for traumatic brain injury.

    • Glyburide is an antihypertensive drug.

    • Study will measure swelling and bleeding in the brain, as measured with magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans.

    • Intravenous formulation of glyburide will be used in the trial.

    Q6. What is not true about HOPES Trial?

    • To find out if therapeutic hypothermia improves outcome following traumatic brain injury which requires surgery.

    • Therapeutic hypothermia body temperature target is about 33°C or 91.4°F.

    • Only patients requiring surgery will be included in the trial.

    • Severe head injury patients not requiring surgery will be included in the trial.

    Q7. What is not true about DECRA Trial?

    • Study included patients with severe diffuse traumatic brain injury.

    • The two arms of the trial were bifrontal decompressive craniectomy and standard medical management or standard medical management alone.

    • Trial provided convincing evidence that early neuroprotective bifrontal decompressive craniectomy is not superior to medical management for patients with diffuse traumatic brain injury.

    • All of the above are wrong.

    Q8. What is not true about RESCUEicp Trial?

    • Duration of refractory intracranial hypertension was 1 hour.

    • The study recruited 400 patients.

    • Intracranial pressure threshold used was 20 mm Hg.

    • Only patients with severe, sustained and refractory posttraumatic intracranial hypertension were recruited.

    Q9. What is not true about RESCUE-ASDH Trial?

    • Eligible patients are randomized to craniotomy or decompressive craniectomy intraoperatively.

    • Both bilateral acute subdural hematomas requiring evacuation are excluded.

    • Study will compare the clinical effectiveness of primary decompressive craniectomy versus craniotomy.

    • Large Intracerebral hematomas causing mass effect are included in the study.

    Q10. What is not true about CRASH 3 Trial?

    • Trial is studying tranexamic acid for the treatment of significant traumatic brain injury.

    • Adults with traumatic brain injury who are within 12 hours of injury are recruited.

    • A loading dose of tranexamic acid used is 1 g by intravenous injection

    • A total of 10,000 adult traumatic brain injury patients will be randomized in this study.

    Q11. What special provision must be made during air transfer of a patient with a comorbid pulmonary injury?

    • Nonpressurized cabin.

    • Presence of a physician on board.

    • Shorter flight time.

    • Lower flight altitude.

    Q12. What is not true about CRASH 2 Trial?

    • Studied the effects of the early administration of tranexamic acid on death, vascular events, and transfusion requirements.

    • Adults with trauma within 8 hours of injury and have significant hemorrhage were included,

    • Tranexamic acid in loading dose of 2 gm or placebo was given intravenously.

    • Tranexamic acid in maintenance dose of 1 gm intravenously over 8 hours was used.

    Q13. What is not true about CRASH 2 Trial?

    • Early administration of tranexamic acid safely reduced the risk of death in bleeding trauma patients.

    • Treatment beyond 3 hours of injury is unlikely to be effective.

    • More than 10,000 patients were recruited in each arm.

    • Increase in vascular occlusive events was observed in this study.

    Q14. According to the Rancho Los Amigos Scale, Level VIII is reported as:

    • Confused—appropriate.

    • Localized response.

    • No response.

    • Purposeful and appropriate response.

    Q15. A patient who has sustained a fracture to the middle cranial fossa following a fall from a height, might have any of these nerves injured except:

    • Trigeminal

    • Abducens

    • Trochlear

    • Hypoglossal

    Key to Neurotrauma Quiz: August 2016

    Question no.

    Question

    Key

    1.

    In context of randomized clinical trial what is true?

    D

    2.

    What is not true about block randomization?

    D

    3.

    What is one of the biomarkers that shows promise in the evaluation of TBI?

    B

    4.

    In block randomization what is not true?

    C

    5.

    What is not true about INTRUST Trial?

    B

    6.

    What is not true about HOPES Trial?

    D

    7.

    What is not true about DECRA Trial?

    D

    8.

    What is not true about RESCUEicp Trial?

    C

    9.

    What is not true about RESCUE-ASDH Trial?

    D

    10.

    What is not true about CRASH 3 Trial?

    B

    11.

    What special provision must be made during air transfer of a patient with a comorbid pulmonary injury?

    D

    12.

    What is not true about CRASH 2 Trial?

    C

    13.

    What is not true about CRASH 2 Trial?

    D

    14.

    According to the Rancho Los Amigos Scale, Level VIII is reported as:

    D

    15.

    A patient who has sustained a fracture to the middle cranial fossa following a fall from a height, might have any of these nerves injured except:

    D


    #

    * The key to this Neurotrauma Quiz can be found in online version of the issue (August 2016).



    Address for correspondence

    Yashbir Dewan
    Department of Neurosurgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences
    Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248140
    India