Abstract
Current research on the human microbiome has opened our eyes to the intimate relationship
that we have with the bacteria that populate our gastrointestinal tract and its potential
relationship to health and disease. To date, clinical research on the microbiome has
identified intriguing associations between an altered microbiome and disease states,
but proven therapeutic applications have been very limited. The ingestion of prebiotics,
probiotics, and/or synbiotics is appealing to the general public and has significant
commercial value, but as yet, solid evidence for clinical efficacy in liver disease
has been lacking due, in large part, to the paucity of high-quality clinical trials.
On the other hand, the resounding success of fecal microbiota transplantation in Clostridium difficile infection has opened our eyes to the real potential of “pharmabiotics” and may well
provide an intriguing template for the development of novel approaches to modulate
the microbiome and its interactions with the host and thereby treat and/or prevent
disease states. We will attempt to examine the current state of microbiome therapeutics
and predict how these approaches might fit into the management of liver diseases in
the future.
Keywords
microbiome - pharmabiotics - diet - fecal microbiota transplantation
