Zur Anwendung von Butorphanol in der Veterinärmedizin

Zusammenfassung:

Butorphanol wird international seit mehreren Jahrzehnten in der Humanund Veterinärmedizin als Analgetikum, zur sedativ-analgetischen Anästhesieprämedikation und als Antitussivum eingesetzt. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, anhand einer Literaturübersicht die pharmakologischen Eigenschaften, klinischen Wirkungen und Einsatzgebiete von Butorphanol in der Veterinärmedizin darzustellen. In den Datenbanken Pubmed und CAB International erfolgte eine Literaturrecherche mit dem Suchbegriff „butorphanol*“. Insgesamt wurden 84 Literaturstellen in die Übersicht einbezogen. Butorphanol ist ein vollsynthetischer Morphinabkömmling. In Deutschland unterliegt der Wirkstoff derzeit nicht den betäubungsmittelrechtlichen Bestimmungen. Seine Hauptwirkungen entfaltet Butorphanol als Agonist an den κ-Opiatrezeptoren. Butorphanol vermittelt bei Pferd, Hund und Katze eine effektive viszerale Analgesie mit einer dosisabhängigen kurzen bis mittleren Wirkungsdauer. Im Bereich der somatischen Analgesie zeigte es bei diesen Spezies eine geringe Effektivität. Als Hauptindikationen für die Anwendung von Butorphanol bei Pferd und Kleintier müssen Sedation, Anästhesie Prämedikation und perioperative Analgesie im Zusammenhang mit abdominalen chirurgischen Eingriffen sowie die Therapie des Kolikschmerzes beim Pferd betrachtet werden.

Summary

Butorphanol has been used for decades as analgesic, premedication and antitussive agent in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this review was to summarize the pharmacologic properties, clinical effects and utilities of butorphanol in veterinary medicine. The databases “Pubmed” and CAB International were searched for “butorphanol*”. Overall 84 articles were included in the review. Butorphanol is a synthetic morphine derivative. It is currently not a controlled drug in Germany. Its main effects are mediated via agonistic effects at the κ-opioid receptors. Butorphanol produces an effective visceral analgesia of short to moderate duration in horses, dogs and cats. For the treatment of somatic pain it has shown low effectiveness. The main indication for the use of butophanol is sedation, anaesthetic premedication and perioperative analgesia for abdominal surgery in small animals and horses and treatment of colic pain in horses.

Schlüsselwörter

Butorphanol - Analgesie - Sedation - Pferd - Hund - Katze

Key words

Butorphanol - analgesia - sedation - horse - dog - cat

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