Therapieoptionen bei der Amyotrophen Lateralsklerose (ALS)

Zusammenfassung

Die Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose (ALS) ist eine chronischprogredient verlaufende Erkrankung, die vorwiegend das motorische Nervensystem betrifft und zu fortschreitenden Muskelatrophien und Paresen führt. Die Ätiologie der ALS ist weitgehend unbekannt, was die Entwicklung kausaler Therapiemöglichkeiten erschwert. Eine kurative Behandlungsmöglichkeit existiert nicht. Auf der Basis neuer Zugänge zur Pathogenese der Erkrankung sind in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche potenziell wirksame Substanzen entdeckt worden, welche im Tierversuch teilweise eine Verlangsamung des Krankheitsverlaufs bewirkten, in kontrollierten Therapiestudien am Menschen aber zumeist enttäuschende Ergebnisse lieferten. Daher kommt der palliativen ALS-Therapie mit der Behandlung häufiger Symptome wie Hypoventilation, Gewichtsabnahme oder Speichelfluss eine wichtige Bedeutung zu. Der folgende Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über den aktuellen Stand der kausalen und symptomatischen Therapiemöglichkeiten.

Summary

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic progressive disease which affects predominantly the motor nervous system and leads to muscle atrophies and paralysis. The development of causal therapy options is difficult since the etiology of ALS is largely unknown. Based on new pathogenetic insights several potentially effective substances have been discovered recently which caused a slowdown of the disease in animal experiments. However, most of them showed disappointing results in placebo controlled studies in humans. The symptomatic therapy of ALS includes the treatment of frequent symptoms like hypoventilation, malnutrition, or pseudohypersalivation. This article describes current views of causal and symptomatic therapy options.

Schlüsselwörter

Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose - kausale Therapie - symptomatische Therapie

Keywords

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - causal therapy - symptomatic therapy

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