Psychoonkologische Interventionen

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Beitrag bietet ein selektives Literaturreview zur Effektivität psychoonkologischer Interventionen. Die bei Krebskranken am häufigsten untersuchten Interventionen sind supportiv-expressive (psychodynamische) und kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische Therapien sowie psychoedukative Programme. Diese Ansätze unterscheiden sich weniger in ihren Inhalten als in den Techniken, insbesondere dem Grad der Strukturierung. Wenngleich generell Evidenz für die Wirksamkeit dieser Interventionen vorliegt, kommen Reviews teilweise zu inkonsistenten Bewertungen. Metaanalysen erbrachten Effektstärken in einem breiten Spektrum, das von kleinen bis zu großen Effekten reicht. Am erfolgreichsten scheinen strukturierte psychoedukative Interventionen zu sein. Als Mediatoren, die die Wirkung psychoedukativer Interventionen auf psychisches Befinden und Lebensqualität vermitteln, wurden eine höhere Selbstwirksamkeit, ein besseres Selbstwertgefühl und weniger intrusive Gedanken identifiziert.

Schlüsselwörter

Psychoonkologie - Interventionen - Progredienzangst - Effektivität - Review

• Literatur

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