Epidemiologie und klinische Diagnostik bipolarer Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Die bipolare Erkrankung ist eine sowohl in der Allgemeinbevölkerung als auch in klinischen Populationen häufig vorkommende Erkrankung. Dennoch bleiben mehr als 50% der bipolaren Patienten länger als fünf Jahre nach Auftreten der ersten Symptome unbehandelt, 36% sogar länger als zehn Jahre. Bei 73% der Patienten mit einer bipolaren Erkrankung wird initial eine andere psychiatrische Diagnose gestellt. Im Durchschnitt vergehen acht Jahre zwischen dem Auftreten der ersten Symptome und der Diagnose. Den Patienten geht dadurch wertvolle Zeit bis zum Beginn einer störungsspezifischen Therapie verloren. Bei Auftreten der Erkrankung in der Adoleszenz vergeht noch mehr Zeit, bis die zutreffende Diagnose gestellt wird. Im nachfolgenden Beitrag werden Diagnostik und Differenzialdiagnostik der bipolaren Störung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung klinischer Alltagsfragen dargestellt.

Summary

Bipolar illness occurs frequently in the general population and in clinical cohorts. Nevertheless, more than 50% of patients remain untreated for up to 5 years after they experience the first symptoms. In 36% of the cases treatment is delayed for up to 10 years after first symptom manifestation. This is largely due to the fact that the correct diagnosis is not made in up to 73% of the patients on initial physician contact. On average, 8 years go by before the patient is recognized as having bipolar illness. This time is lost for specific treatment. In bipolar disorder occuring in adolescence, this latency is even longer The current paper deals with important issues related to the diagnosis of bipolar illness and specifically focuses on clinically relevant aspects of this important disorder.

Schlüsselwörter

Bipolar-Iund -II-Störung - Rapid Cycling - akute Episode - Intervall - Langzeitverlauf - Differenzialdiagnose

Keywords

Bipolar disorder - acute episode - interval - longterm course - differential diagnosis

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