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DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1628560
Vermeidung von Viktimisierung, Prävention durch bessere Information
Prevention of victimization through better informationPublication History
eingegangen am:
25 July 2013
angenommen am:
09 August 2013
Publication Date:
24 January 2018 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Sexueller Missbrauch kann zu massiven, zum Teil lebenslangen Belastungen führen und ist ein schwerwiegendes (Gesundheits-)Problem auf individueller, familialer und gesellschaftlicher Ebene. Deshalb sind Präventionsmaßnahmen auf verschiedenen Ebenen unerlässlich. Um sexuellen Missbrauch von Minderjährigen nachhaltig reduzieren zu können, müssen neben Kindern und Jugendlichen auch Erwachsene in Präventionsbemühungen miteinbezogen werden. Ferner gilt es, gesellschaftliche Normen, Strukturen und Wertvorstellungen sowie die jeweilige Gesetzgebung so zu beeinflussen, dass Täter und deren Verhalten nicht mehr geschützt werden. In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten wurden zahlreiche Programme für unterschiedliche Zielgruppen entwickelt. Viele dieser Programme haben sich teilweise als wirksam erwiesen. Dennoch herrscht kein Konsens darüber, was wissenschaftlich als wirksam angesehen werden kann. Dies liegt zum einen an den Unstimmigkeiten in den Definitionen, zum anderen daran, dass in einem gewissen politischen Aktionismus die Evaluierung von Präventionsmaßnahmen nur wenig beachtet wurde.
Summary
Sexual abuse can lead to long lasting consequences and is a serious problem on an individual, family and social level. Therefore prevention measures on different levels are indispensable. Minors as well as adults should be involved in prevention work in order to prevent sexual abuse of minors in a sustainable way. Besides norms, structures and values in society, the respective laws as well as attitudes and structures should be changed and amended in such a way that abusers and the abuse are clearly confronted everywhere. In last decades numerous prevention programmes for victims have been developed for various target groups. Many of these programmes have proven in part effective. Nevertheless until now there is no agreement about what scientifically can be considered effective. Reasons for this are the discrepancies in definitions or that the evaluation of prevention measures has received little attention. The research and practice regarding the evaluation of the effectiveness of these prevention measures has to deal with considerable challenges.
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