Incidence of the Familial Non-medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in the Patient Register of the Clinic and Policlinic of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg

Summary

Aim: In this study the incidence rate of familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma was investigated in the first and second grade relatives of patients registered at the Clinic and Policlinic for Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg. Patients and Methods: In this study 596 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were enclosed, who were treated between 01.01.81 and 31.12.95. The data concerning a familial occurrence were studied by a retrospective survey-based analysis. These data were compared to a literature analysis for familial non-meduilary thyroid carcinoma. Results: 14 patients of the 596 patients treated showed a familial occurrence (2,3%). All these patients suffered from papillary thyroid carcinoma. According to the prognostic factors (tumor state, lymph node involvement, metastastic disease) no differences could be evaluated in the different groups (sporadic versus familial non-medullary thyroid disease). Conclusion: A familial occurrence of differentiated thyroid carcinomas is not frequently observed, but should be considered due to further genetic diseases.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel: In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde die Häufigkeit der differenzierten familiären nichtmedullären Schilddrüsenmalignome unter Verwandten ersten und zweiten Grades im Krankengut der Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin der Universität Würzburg ermittelt. Patienten und Methodik: Die Studie umfaßt 596 Patienten mit differenziertem nicht-medullärem Schilddrüsenkarzinom, die vom 01.01.81 bis 31.12.95 betreut wurden. Die Daten zur familiären Häufung wurden in einer retrospektiven fragebogengestützten Analyse erhoben. Verglichen wurden diese Ergebnisse mit den bisher in der Literatur bekannten Ergebnissen zum familiären nicht-medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinom. Ergebnisse: Bei 14 der 596 ausgewerteten Patienten (2,3%) fand sich eine familiäre Häufung. Alle diese Patienten hatten ein papilläres Schilddrüsenkarzinom. Hinsichtlich der bekannten Prognosefaktoren des Schilddrüsenkarzinoms (Tumorstadium, Lymphknotenbeteiligung, Fernmetastasen) fanden sich in den untersuchten Gruppen (sporadisches versus familiäres nicht-medulläres Schilddrüsenkarzinom) keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Schlußfolgerung: Ein familiäres Auftreten differenzierter Schilddrüsenkarzinome findet sich in einem geringen Prozentsatz, erscheint aufgrund bekannter genetischer Miterkrankungen jedoch wichtig.

Keywords

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma - epidemiology - familial investigation

Schlüsselwörter

Differenziertes Schilddrüsenkarzinom - Epidemiologie - familiäres Vorkommen

• Literatur

• 1 Austoni M. Thyroid carcinoma in identical twins. Lancet 1 1988; 1115.
• 2 Bignell GR, Canzian F, Shayeghi M, Stark M, Shugart YY, Biggs P, Mangion J, Hamoudi R, Rosenblatt J, Nuu P, Sun S, Stoffer SS, Goldgar DE, Romeo G, Houlston RS, Narod SA, Stratton MR, Foulkes WD. Familial nontoxic multinodular thyroid goiter locus maps to chromosome 14q but does not account for familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 61: 1123-30.
• 3 Christensen SB, Ljungberg O, Tibblin S. Thyroid carcinoma in Malmo. 1960-1977: Epidemiologic, clinical and prognostic factor findings in a defined urban population. Cancer 1984; 53: 1625-33.
• 4 Elman DS. Familial association of nerve deafness with nodular goitre and thyroid carcinoma. New Engl J Med 1958; 259: 219-23.
• 5 Fagin JA. Familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma – The case for genetic susceptibility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 342-8.
• 6 Farahati J, Bucsky P, Parlowsky T, Mäder U, Reiners Chr. Characteristics of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents with respect to age, gender and histology. Cancer 1997; 80: 2156-62.
• 7 Farahati J, Mäder U, Zeihsel J, Muffert S, Mörtl M, Lübcke B, Reiners Chr. Änderungen der Inzidenzraten des Schilddrüsenkarzinomes von 1981-1995 im Jodmangelgebiet Unterfranken. Nuklearmedizin 1997; 36: A44.
• 8 Fisher G, Edmonds CJ. Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in two brothers after chest fluoroscopy in childhood. Br Med J 1980; 281: 1600-1.
• 9 Fisher DK, Groves MD, Thomas SJ. Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: Additional evidence in support of a familial component. Cancer Invest 1989; 7: 323-5.
• 10 Flannigam GM, Clifford RP, inslet M. Simultaneous presentation of papillary carcinoma of thyroid in father and son. Br J Surg 1983; 70: 181-2.
• 11 Franchesci S, Boyle P, Maisonneuve P. The epidemiology of thyroid carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol 1993; 4: 5-52.
• 12 Galanti MR, Sparen P, Karlsson A, Grimelius L, Ekbom A. Is residence in areas of endemic goiter a risk factor for thyroid cancer?. Int J Cancer 1986; 54: 475-82.
• 13 Giardiello FM, Offerhaus GJA, Lee DH, Krush AJ, Tersmette AC, Booker SV, Kelley NC, Hamilton SR. Increased risk of thyroid and pancreatic carcinoma in familial adenomatous polyposis. Gut 1993; 34: 1394-6.
• 14 Gierlowski TC, Ron E, Schneider AB. The accuracy of siblings’ family history reports of thyroid and other cancers. American Journal of Public Health 1995; 85: 408-9.
• 15 Gorson D. Familial papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Thyroid 1992; 2: 131-2.
• 16 Grossman RF, Tu SH, Duh QY, Siperstein AE, Novosolov F, Clark OH. Familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer. An emerging entity that warrants aggressive treatment. Arch Sur 1995; 130: 892-9.
• 17 Hedinger C, Williams ED, Sobin LH. The WHO classification of thyroid tumors: a commentary on the second edition. Cancer 1989; 63: 908-11.
• 18 Heufelder A. Molekularbiologische Aspekte und Perspektiven zur Diagnostik hypofunktioneller Schilddrüsenknoten. In: Der kalte Schilddrüsenknoten. Pfannenstiel P, Hotze LA. (Hrsg.): pmi Verlagsgruppe; 1998: 46-61.
• 19 Hrafnelksson J, Tulinius H, Jonasson JG, Olafsdottir G, Sigvaldason H. Papillary thyroid carcinoma in Iceland: A study of the occurrence in families and the coexistence of other primary tumors. Acta Oncol 1989; 28: 785-8.
• 20 Kwok CG, McDougall IR. Familial differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid: Report of five pairs of siblings. Thyroid 1995; 5: 923-8.
• 21 Lacour J, Vignalou J, Perez R. Epithelioma papillaire du corps thyroide. A propos de deux cas familiaux. Nouv Presse Med 1973; 2: 2249-52.
• 22 Loh KC. Familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma: a meta-review of case series. Thyroid 1997; 7: 107-13.
• 23 Lote K, Anderson K, Nordal E. Familial occurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 1980; 46: 1291-7.
• 24 Lupoli G, Vitale G, Caraglia M, Fittipaldi MR, Abbruzzese A, Tagliaferri P, Bianco AR. Familial papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a new clinical entity. Lancet 1999; 353: 637-9.
• 25 Malchoff CD, Sarfarazi M, Tendier B, Forouhar F, Whalen G, Malchoff DM. Familial papillary thyroid carcinoma is genetically distinct from familial adenomatous polyposis coli. Thyroid 9: 247-52.
• 26 Nemec J, Sourmar J, Zamrazil V, Pohunkova D, Motlik K, Mirejovsky P. Familial occurrence of differentiated (non-medullary) thyroid cancer. Oncology 1975; 32: 151-7.
• 27 Ozaki O, Ito K, Kobayashi K, Suzuki A, Manabe Y, Hosoda Y. Familial occurrence of differentiated, nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg 1988; 12: 565-71.
• 28 Palestro G, Navone R, Coda R. Aspetti dell’immunita cellulare in due casi di carcinoma tiroideo nella stessa famiglia. Tumori 1975; 61: 333-7.
• 29 Phade VR, Lawrence R, Max MH. Familial papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Arch Surg 1981; 116: 836-7.
• 30 Reiners Chr. Radioactive Iodine and the risk of thyroid cancer. In: Braverman LE, Köhrle J, Eber O, Langsteger W. eds. Thyroid and trace elements. Blackwell Wissenschaft; Graz: 1996: 170-9.
• 31 Robinson DW, Orr TG. Carcinoma of the thyroid and other diseases of the thyroid in identical twins. Arch Surg 1955; 70: 403-11.
• 32 Ron E, Kleinerman RA, LiVolsi VA, Fraumeni Jr JF. Familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer. Oncology 1991; 48: 309-11.
• 33 Ron E. Thyroid cancer after the exposure to external radiation: a pooled analysis of seven studies. Radiation Research 1995; 141: 259-77.
• 34 Samaan NA. Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: Additional evidence in support of a familial component. Cancer Invest 1989; 7: 399-400.
• 35 Schlumberger MJ. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. New Engl J Med 1998; 338: 297-305.
• 36 Schneider AB, Ron E. Pathogenesis. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD. eds. Werner and Ingbar s The thyroid: a fundamental and clinical text. 7th ed.. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1996. 16: 126-40.
• 37 Shore RE. Issues and epidemiological evidence regarding radiation-induced thyroid cancer. Radiat Res 1992; 131: 98-111.
• 38 Sophocleous S, Ehrenheim C, Fischer J, Hundeshagen H. Das Low-risk-Schilddrüsenkarzinom – Therapie. Nachsorge und Prognose. Nuklearmedizin 1979; 36: 93-102.
• 39 Stoffer SS, Van Dyke DL, Bach JV, Szpunar W, Weiss L. Familial papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. American Journal of Medical Genetics 1986; 23: 775-82.
• 40 Szanto J, Gubndy C, Toth K. Coincidental papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in two sisters. Oncology 1990; 47: 92-4.
• 41 Takami H, Ozaki O, Ito K. Familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer: an emerging entitity that warrants aggressive treatment. Arch Surg 1996; 131: 676.
• 42 UICCTNM-Klassifikation maligner Tumoren. 4. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo: Springer; 1997
• 43 Wingren G, Hatschek T, Axelson O. Determinants of papillary cancer of the thyroid. American Journal of Epidemiology 1993; 138: 482-91.