LIED - Liver: Information, Education and Diagnosis

L. Console; G. Molino; V. Ripa di Meana; P. Torasso

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1634882

Methods of Information in Medicine, Table of Contents

Methods Inf Med 1992; 31(04): 284-297
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1634882

Original Article

Schattauer GmbH

LIED - Liver: Information, Education and Diagnosis

Authors

L. Console⁴

¹Department of Informatics, University of Turin, Italy
G. Molino

²Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Turin, Italy
V. Ripa di Meana⁵

²Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Turin, Italy
P. Torasso

¹Department of Informatics, University of Turin, Italy

Abstract

Abstract:

In this paper we describe LIED (Liver: Information, Education and Diagnosis), a diagnostic expert system devoted to medical education in the field of hepatology[6]. LIED combines the facilities of a traditional expert system for clinical diagnosis with several modules designed for educational purposes. The goal of such modules is to train physicians, in particular as regards the improvement of their problem solving ability (at the end of their curricula students in medicine usually lack experience in organizing an efficient and accurate diagnostic process). Training on real and simulated cases has been widely recognized as a proper approach to clinical experience. The architecture of the diagnostic system is introduced, which forms the core of LIED, and which has been derived from our previous experience, and the various educational functions are discussed that were developed on top of the basic architecture.

Key-words

Artificial Intelligence - Expert Systems - Diagnosis - Educational Systems

Full Text

References

REFERENCES
1 Patil R. Causal representation of patient illness for electrolyte and acid-base diagnosis. Cambridge: MIT/LCS/TR-267; 1981
2 Clancey WJ, Letsinger R. NEOMYCIN: Reconfiguring a rule-based expert system for application to teaching. In: Proceedings of the 7th IJCAI. Vancouver, 1981
3 Cooper G, Musen M. The 1990 AAAI Spring Symposium on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. Art Intel! in Med 1990; 02: 293-8.
4 Teach RL, Shortliffe EH. An analysis of physicians attitudes regarding computer-based clinical consultation systems. Comp Biomed Res 1981; 14: 542-58.
5 Rector AL, Brooke JB, Sheldon MG, Newton PD. An analysis of uncertainty in British General Practice. In: Lecture Notes in Medical Informatics 38. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 1989
6 Clancey WJ. Knowledge-Based Tutoring: The GUIDON Program. MIT Press; 1987
7 First MB, Soffer LJ, Miller RA. QUICK (Quick Index to Caduceous Knowledge): Using the Internist-1/Caduceous knowledge base as a Electronic Textbook in Medicine. Comp Biomed Res 1985; 18: 816-22.
8 Anderson JR. Skill acquisition: Compilation of weak methods problem solutions. Psychological Review 1987; 94: 192-210.
9 Johnson PE. What kind of expert should a system be?. J Med Phylosphy 1983; 08: 77-97.
10 Salamon R, Protti D, Möhr J. eds. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Medical Informatics and Education. Victoria: 1989
11 Van Bemmel JH, Zvárová J. eds. Knowledge Information and Medical Education. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publ Comp; 1991
12 Molino G, Avagnina P, Boccuzzi G, Pandolfo G. A project concerning the computer system acquisition and evolution of clinical competence in the medical curriculum. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Medical Informatics and Educations. Victoria; 1989
13 Miller RA, Masarie FE, Myers JD. Quick Medical Reference (QMR) for diagnostic assistance. MD Computing 1986; 03 (05) 34-48.
14 Barnett GO, Fcldman MJ, Kahn JA. DXplain - An evolving diagnositc decision support system. JAMA 1987; 258 (01) 67-74.
15 Warner Jr HR. Iliad: Moving medical decision making into new frontiers. Meth Inform Med 1989; 28: 370-2.
16 Parker R, Miller R. Creation of realistic appearing simulated patient cases using the Internist-1/QMR knowledge base and interrelationship properties of manifestations. In: Salamon R, Protti D, Möhr J. eds. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Medical Informatics and Education. Victoria; 1989: 281-6.
17 Barrows HS, Feltovich PJ. The clinical reasoning process. Medical Education 1987; 21: 86-91.
18 Elstein AS, Shulman LS, Sprafka SA. Medical Problem Solving: An Analysis of Clinical Reasoning. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1978
19 Groen GJ, Patel VL. Medical Problem Solving: Some questionable assumptions. Medical Education 1985; 19: 95-100.
20 Patel VL. Differences between medical students and doctors in memory for clinical cases. Medical Education 1986; 290: 3-9.
21 Patel VL, Groen GJ. Knowledge based solution strategies in medical reasoning. Cognitive Science 1986; 10: 91-116.
22 Schmidt HG. A cognitive perspective on medical expertise - Theory and implications. Technical Report University of Maastricht. 1989
23 Patel VL. Biomedical and clinical reasoning. In: Evans DA. ed. Cognitive Science in Medicine: Biomedical Modeling. Cambridge: MIT Press; 1989
24 Molino G, Ripa Vdi Meana, Torchio M, Console L, Torasso P. Educational applications of a knowledge-based expert system for medical decision making in hepatology. It J Gastrenterol 1990; 22: 97-104.
25 Molino G, Ripa Vdi Meana, Torchio M, Console L, Torasso P. LIED (Liver: Information, Education and Diagnosis): An expert system supporting medical decision making and medical education in clinical hepatology. In: ESMDM 90. Glasgow, 1990
26 Molino G, Ruva CE, Ripa Vdi Meana, Torchio M. Diagnostic performance of an expert system for medical decision making in hepatology. In: Proceedings of the World Congress on Gastrenterology. Sidney, 1990
27 Molino G, Cravetto G, Torasso P, Console L. CHECK: A diagnostic expert system Combining HEuristic and Causal Knowledge. Biomedical Measurement, Informatics and Control 1986; 01 (04) 182-93.
28 Torasso P, Console L. Diagnostic Problem Solving: Combining Heuristic, Approximate and Causal Reasoning. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1989
29 Bylander T, Allemang D, Tanner M, Josephson J. The computational complexity of abduction. Artific Intel 1991; 49: 25-60.
30 Console L, Molino G, Pavia R, Signorelli M, Torasso P. Simulating generic situations on causal models. In: Lecture Notes in Medical Informatics 38. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 1989: 177-86.
31 Cravetto C, Lesmo L, Molino G, Torasso P. LIT02: A frame based expert system for medical diagnosis in hepatology. In: De Lotto IU, Stefanelli M. eds. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publ Comp; 1985: 107-19.
32 Mittal S, Chandrasekaran B, Sticklen J. Patrec: A knowledge-directed database for a diagnostic expert system. IEEE Comp 1984; 16 (09) 51-8.
33 Chandrasekaran B, Mittal S. Conceptual representation of medical knowledge for diagnosis by computer MDX and related systems. In: Yovits MC. ed. Advances in Computers. New York: Academic Press; 1983
34 Torasso P, Console L. Approximate reasoning and prototypical knowledge. Int J Approximate Reasoning 1989; 03 (02) 157-78.
35 Console L, Fossa M, Torasso P, Molino G, Cravetto C. Man-machine interaction in CHECK. In: Fox J, Fieschi M, Engelbrecht R. eds. Proceedings of AIME 87; Lecture Notes in Medical Informatics 33. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 1987: 205-12.
36 Giuse NB, Giuse DA, Miller RA. Medical knowledge base construction as a means of introducing medical student to medical informatics. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Medical Informatics and Education. Victoria; 1989: 228-32.
37 Boose J, Gaines B. eds. Special issue on knowledge acquisition for knowledge-based systems. Int J of Man Machine Studies. 1987. 26(1,2).
38 Musen MA. Automated generation of model-based knowledge acquisition tools. In: Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence. Pitman, 1989
39 Giuse DA, Giuse NB, Miller RA. Towards computer-assisted maintenance of medical knowledge bases. Artific Intel in Med 1990; 02: 21-33.
40 Langlotz CP, Shortliffe EH. Adapting a consultation system to critique user plans. Int J Man Machine Studies 1983; 19: 479-96.
41 Miller P. A Critiquing Approach to Expert Computer Advice: ATTENDING. Pitman, 1984
42 Console L, Conto R, Molino G, Ripa V, Torasso V, Torasso P. CAP: A critiquing expert system for medical education. In: Lecture Notes in Medical Informatics 44. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 1991: 317-26.