Thrombininhibitoren

Erika Glusa

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1655352

Hämostaseologie, Table of Contents

Hamostaseologie 1998; 18(04): 192-200
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1655352

Übersichtsarbeiten/Review Articles

Schattauer GmbH

Thrombininhibitoren

Erika Glusa

¹Forschungszentrum für Vaskuläre Biologie und Medizin, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Bereich Erfurt

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Zusammenfassung

Thrombin ist nicht nur das Schlüsselenzym der Blutgerinnung sondern ist auch in der Lage, vielfältige hormonähnliche, rezeptorvermittelte Reaktionen an verschiedenen Zellen und Geweben auszulösen. Thrombin aktiviert den G-Proteingekoppelten Rezeptor, indem es vom extrazellulären N-Terminus ein Peptid abspaltet und der neugebildete N-Terminus als Ligand den Plättchenrezeptor aktiviert. In der Folge wird eine intrazelluläre Signalkaskade ausgelöst, die zur Formveränderung, Sekretion, Aggregation, Expression von GPIIb/llla und anderen Adhäsionsmolekülen führt. Die rezeptorvermittelten Thrombineffekte an den Plättchen können im Prinzip durch Hemmung der Bindung des Thrombins am Rezeptor über eine Blockade der »Anion-binding-exosite« des Thrombins oder der entsprechenden Bindungsstelle am Rezeptor verhindert werden. Triabin, ein rekombinantes Protein aus der Raubwanze Triatoma pallidipennis, ist ein hochwirksamer »Anion-binding-exosite«-lnhibitor, der in nanomolaren Konzentrationen die Thrombin-Pättchenreaktionen verhindert. Thrombinrezeptorantagonisten sind in der Entwicklung; sie blockieren die Aktivierung des Rezeptors durch Thrombin und Rezeptor-aktivierende Peptide (TRAP). Die derzeit verfügbaren Rezeptorantagonisten sind Peptide mit relativ geringer inhibitorischer Aktivität. Da die proteolytische Aktivität des Enzyms für die Plättchenaktivierung erforderlich ist, können direkte Inhibitoren des Thrombins, die die katalytische Aktivität blockieren, die thrombinbedingte Plättchenaktivierung unterbrechen. Neben dem stärksten selektiven Thrombinhemmstoff Hirudin und dem synthetischen Hirulog sind es kleinmolekulare irreversible oder reversibel wirkende kompetitive Inhibitoren wie PPACK, Tripeptide, Argininund Benzamidinderivate, die gleichfalls zu einer Hemmung der thrombinbedingten Plättchenaktivierung führen. Größere klinische Studien liegen nur mit Hirudin (Refludan®, Revasc®), Hirulog (Bivalirudin®) und Argatroban (Novastan®) bei Patienten mit instabiler Angina pectoris, Myokardinfarkt, Angioplastie, aortokoronarem Bypass, Hämodialyse und heparininduzierter Thrombozytopenie und Thrombose-Syndrom (HITTS II) vor. Eine Verbesserung der therapeutischen Maßnahmen bei akuten und chronischen thromboembolischen Komplikationen könnte durch eine Kombination von Thrombininhibitoren und anderen Plättchenfunktionshemmstoffen erreicht werden.

Schlüsselwörter

Blutplättchen - Thrombinrezeptor - Thrombininhibitoren - Thrombinrezeptorantagonisten

Full Text

References

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