The Haemostatic Balance^[*])^[**])

Summary

The roles played by the blood clotting system and by fibrinolysis in the haemostatic balance are discussed. The significance of the tissue thromboplastin and the tissue activator of plasminogen for local haemostasis is emphasized, and their relation to anticoagulant therapy considered. Problems specific for coronary thrombosis, cerebral thrombosis and cerebral haemorrhage have been mentioned.

^* Presented in part at the Fifth Congress of the International Society of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, April 23—26, 1958.

^** Aided by grants from the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation, New York, and The National Danish Association against Rheumatic Diseases, Copenhagen.

• References

• 1 Astrup T, and Miillertz S. Standardized estimation of prothrombin activity and the accurate control of dicumarol therapy. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 84: 815 1954;
• 2 Miillertz S, and Storm O. Anticoagulant therapy with dicumarol maintained during major surgery. Circulation 10: 213 1954;
• 3 Storm O. Anticoagulant protection in surgery. Diath. haem. (in press)
• 4 Storm O, and Tybjærg Hansen A. Mitral commissurotomy performed during anticoagulant prophylaxis with dicumarol. Circulation 12: 981 1955;
• 5 Storm O, and Tybjærg Hansen A. Anticoagulant protection during mitral valvulotomy. 6th Congress of the European Society of Hematology, Copenhagen 1957
• 6 Storm O, and Gammelgaard P. A. Antithrombotic treatment in vascular surgery. Acta chir. scand. 113: 460 1957;
• 7 Shumacker H. B, Abramson D. I, and Lampert H. G. The use of anticoagulants in the surgery aneurisms and arteriovenous fistulas with particular reference to dicumarol. Surgery 22: 940 1947;
• 8 Hicks N. D. A coagulation disorder due to a factor VTI-like defect. Med. J. Aust. 2: 331 1955;
• 8a Ackroyd J. F. The function of factor VII. Brit. J. Haem. 2: 397 1956;
• 9 Sjølin K.-E. Deficiency of the Hageman factor demonstrated by the thrombin generation test. Thromb. Diath. haem. 1: 153 1957;
• 10 Sjølin K.-E. The Hageman trait in a family with haemorrhagic diathesis. Acta genet. (Basel) 7: 541 1958;
• 11 Astrup T, and Sjølin K.-E. Thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activity of human synovial membrane and fibrous capsular tissue. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. 97: 852 1958;
• 12 Astrup T. Arteriosclerosis and haemophilia. Lancet II: 745 1957;
• 13 Biggs R, and Macfarlane R. G. Human blood coagulation and its disorders. Second edition.. Blackwell; Oxford: 1957
• 14 Astrup T. Fibrinolysis in the organism. Blood 11: 781 1956;
• 15 Müllertz S. Formation and properties of the activator of plasminogen and of human and bovine plasmin. Biochem. J. 61: 424 1955;
• 16 Cliffton E. E. The use of plasmin in humans. Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci. 68: 209 1957;
• 17 Storm O. (in preparation)
• 18 Albrechtsen O. K, Storm O, and Trolle D. Fibrinolytic activity in the circulating blood following amniotic fluid infusion. Acta haemat. 14: 309 1955;
• 19 Astrup T, and Albrechtsen O. K. Estimation of the plasminogen activator and the trypsin inhibitor in animal and human tissues. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 9: 233 1957;
• 20 Albrechtsen O. K. The fibrinolytic activity of human tissues. Brit. J. Haem. 3: 284 1957;
• 21 Fischer S, Albrechtsen O. K, and Bang N. U. (in preparation)
• 22 Schulz F. H, and Knobloch H. Münch, med. Wschr. 96:1226, 1482, 1534 1954
• 23 Deutsch E. (in preparation)
• 24 Roberts H. R, and Astrup T. Content of tissue activator of plasminogen in monkey tissue. Thromb. Diath. haem. 1: 376 1957;
• 25 Moltke P. Investigations sur la teneur du système nerveux central en activateur de plasminogene. 6th Congress of the European Society of Hematology, Copenhagen, 1957, Abstracts, p. 104
• 26 Moltke P. Plasminogen activator in animal meninges. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. 98:(1958)