Abstract
Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) has been increasing in incidence due
to the escalating use of central venous catheters such as peripherally inserted central
catheters. UEDVT can be primary idiopathic or secondary to pacemaker leads, intravascular
catheters or cancer. In comparison to conventional venous thromboembolism such as
lower limb deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism the risk factors, investigations,
and management are not well defined. We review current evidence in primary and secondary
UEDVT, highlighting areas in need of further research. We also explore the entity
of venous thoracic outlet syndrome, which is said to be a risk factor for recurrent
primary UEDVT and is the rationale behind surgical interventions.
Keywords
upper extremity deep vein thrombosis - central venous catheter - deep vein thrombosis
- venous thoracic outlet syndrome - axillosubclavian vein
