Performing Distance Measurements in Curved Facial Regions: A Comparison between Three-Dimensional Surface Scanning and Ultrasound Imaging

Michael Alfertshofer; Konstantin Frank; Dmitry V. Melnikov; Nicholas Möllhoff; Robert H. Gotkin; David Lysander Freytag; Stephan Heisinger; Riccardo E. Giunta; Thilo L. Schenck; Sebastian Cotofana

doi:10.1055/s-0041-1725166

Facial Plastic Surgery, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Facial Plast Surg 2021; 37(03): 395-399
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1725166

Original Research

Performing Distance Measurements in Curved Facial Regions: A Comparison between Three-Dimensional Surface Scanning and Ultrasound Imaging

Authors

Michael Alfertshofer

¹Department of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
Konstantin Frank

¹Department of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
Dmitry V. Melnikov

²Plastic Surgery Department, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Nicholas Möllhoff

¹Department of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
Robert H. Gotkin

³Private Practice, New York City, New York
David Lysander Freytag

¹Department of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
Stephan Heisinger

⁴Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
Riccardo E. Giunta

¹Department of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
Thilo L. Schenck

¹Department of Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
Sebastian Cotofana

⁵Department of Medical Education, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York

Abstract

Facial flap surgery depends strongly on thorough preoperative planning and precise surgical performance. To increase the dimensional accuracy of transferred facial flaps, the methods of ultrasound and three-dimensional (3D) surface scanning offer great possibilities. This study aimed to compare different methods of measuring distances in the facial region and where they can be used reliably. The study population consisted of 20 volunteers (10 males and 10 females) with a mean age of 26.7 ± 7.2 years and a mean body mass index of 22.6 ± 2.2 kg/m². Adhesives with a standardized length of 20 mm were measured in various facial regions through ultrasound and 3D surface scans, and the results were compared. Regardless of the facial region, the mean length measured through ultrasound was 18.83 mm, whereas it was 19.89 mm for 3D surface scans, with both p < 0.0001. Thus, the mean difference was 1.17 mm for ultrasound measurements and 0.11 mm for 3D surface scans. Curved facial regions show a great complexity when it comes to measuring distances due to the concavity and convexity of the face. Distance measurements through 3D surface scanning showed more accurate distances than the ultrasound measurement. Especially in “complex” facial regions (e.g., glabella region and labiomental sulcus), the 3D surface scanning showed clear advantages.

Keywords

ultrasound imaging - 3D surface scanning - facial anatomy - facial analysis

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Referenzen

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