Knoten in der Schilddrüse – Histologie und Zytologie

Zusammenfassung

Schilddrüsenknoten sind ein häufiger Befund in der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Mit einem Schilddrüsenknoten können sehr unterschiedliche histologische Befunde verbunden sein; diese umfassen hyperplastische Knoten und primäre und sekundäre Schilddrüsentumoren, aber auch Entzündungen und ektopes, in der Schilddrüse gelegenes Gewebe (z. B. Nebenschilddrüse, Thymus). Die präoperative Zytodiagnostik mittels Feinnadelbiopsie (FNB) stellt im Kontext von Klinik, Sonografie und funktioneller Beurteilung des Knotens ein entscheidendes Instrument zur Differenzialdiagnostik von benignen und malignen Veränderungen der Schilddrüse dar. In dieser Übersicht werden die wesentlichen histologischen Differenzialdiagnosen von Schilddrüsenknoten und die Anforderungen und Befund-Klassifikation der Schilddrüsenzytologie behandelt.

Abstract

Thyroid nodules are a common finding in the general population. Histologically thyroid nodule very represent a broad spectrum of findings; these include hyperplastic nodules and primary and secondary thyroid tumors, as well as inflammation and ectopic, within the thyroid located tissues, e. g. parathyroid or thymus. Preoperative thyroid fine needle biopsy (FNB) provides in the context of clinical, sonographic and functional assessment of nodules is an important tool for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of the thyroid gland. This overview deals with the histological differential diagnoses of thyroid nodules as well as the clinical requirements and the diagnostic classification of thyroid cytology.

Schlüsselwörter

Schilddrüsenpathologie - präoperative Zytodiagnostik - Schilddrüsenadenom - Schilddrüsenkarzinom - Feinnadelbiopsie

Key words

thyroid pathology - preoperative cytology - thyroid adenoma - thyroid carcinoma - fine needle biopsy

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