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Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2016; 124(07): 424-430
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-107244
Article
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Women Transmits Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) More Than Men: Evidences from Parental Inheritance of T2DM Among Bahrainis

E. M. Al-Harbi
1   Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine and Inherited Disorders, Arabian Gulf University, Building 61, King Abdulaziz Avenue, Manama, Bahrain
,
E. M. Farid
2   Department of Pathology (Immunology) Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
,
A. H. Darwish
3   Department of Pathology, Bahrain Defense Force Royal Medical Services Hospital, Bahrain
,
K. A. Gumaa
4   Division of Biosciences – Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
,
H. A. Giha
5   Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 30 October 2015
revised 05 April 2016

accepted 20 April 2016

Publication Date:
24 May 2016 (online)

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Abstract

Introduction: Heritability in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is observed but not well understood.

Methods: In this study, family history and clinical/biochemical data from 789 Bahrainis (418 T2DM, 371 controls) was analyzed. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c were measured and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed.

Results: Patients compared to controls have higher proportions of diabetic mothers (50.2% vs. 32.7%, p=0.005), fathers (35.2% vs. 12.1%, p<0.001) and siblings (56% vs. 15.3%, p<0.001). The proportions of diabetic mothers was higher than the proportions of diabetic fathers among the patients (50.2% vs. 35.2%, p<0.001) and the controls (32.7% vs. 12.1%, p<0.001). Patients born to diabetic mothers compared to the other patients were smaller in age at the time of enrollment in this study (p=0.005), and at onset of T2DM (p<0.001), and also had higher FBG (p=0.033). Interestingly, the prevalence of T1DM was highest amongst the siblings of the controls compared to patients (p=0.04). Finally, the heterozygote I/D genotype of the ACE gene was over expressed in patients born to diabetic mothers when compared to patients born to diabetic fathers, p=0.007.

Conclusions: there was strong clustering of T2DM in families, with significant dominant maternal role in transmission of T2DM and associated severity markers. Patients (T2DM) born to diabetic mothers were genetically and phenotypically different from the other patients.

Key words

T2DM - inheritance - parents - maternal - angiotensin converting enzyme
 

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