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Int J Angiol 2022; 31(03): 150-154
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756177
Invited Article

Diagnosis, Diagnostic Tools, and Risk Stratification for Contemporary Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism

Taylor C. Remillard 
1   Department of Cardiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, New York
,
Arber Kodra
1   Department of Cardiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, New York
2   Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, New York
,
Michael Kim
1   Department of Cardiology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, New York
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Abstract

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is quite common and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that it is the cause of approximately 100,000 annual deaths in the United States. With great variability in presenting symptoms of PE, poor recognition of PE can be fatal. As such, many risk scores have been created to identify the sickest patients. Choosing the appropriate imaging modality is also critical. Invasive pulmonary angiography was once the gold standard to establish the diagnosis. With the advent of nuclear imaging, V/Q scans, invasive angiography has been phased out for diagnosing acute PE. At present, the standard for diagnosis of acute PE is computed tomography pulmonary angiography. In select patient cohorts, nuclear studies remain the modality of choice. Once the diagnosis of acute PE is established, there is a broad spectrum of severity in outcome which has led to substantial focus and development of risk stratification prediction models. We will discuss making the proper diagnosis with contemporary diagnostic tools and risk stratifying patients with PE to receive the correct treatment.

Keywords

pulmonary embolism - risk stratification - right ventricular strain - V/Q scan - computed tomography pulmonary angiography - echocardiography


Publication History

Article published online:
24 August 2022

© 2022. International College of Angiology. This article is published by Thieme.

Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
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