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Semin Thromb Hemost
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779484
Review Article

The History of Diagnosing Venous Thromboembolism

Emily S.L. Martens
1   Department of Medicine—Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
,
Menno V. Huisman
1   Department of Medicine—Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
,
Thijs E. van Mens
1   Department of Medicine—Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
,
Frederikus A. Klok
1   Department of Medicine—Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
› Author Affiliations
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Abstract

An accurate and prompt diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism is important to prevent serious complications and mortality. Because the clinical presentation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is often nonspecific, objective testing by means of radiological imaging is required to confirm the diagnosis. Historically, a diagnosis of VTE involved invasive imaging techniques like contrast venography or conventional pulmonary angiography. Technological developments toward more accurate and less invasive diagnostics have driven the implementation of a variety of newer technologies over the past decades, as well as the derivation and validation of clinical decision rules (CDRs) that can be used to rule out VTE in combination with D-dimer blood tests. In this narrative review, we provide a historical overview of the most notable developments in the imaging techniques and CDRs for VTE diagnosis.

Keywords

venous thromboembolism - deep vein thrombosis - pulmonary embolism - radiology - diagnosis - algorithm - historical


Publication History

Article published online:
19 February 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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