EVALUATION OF MORTALITY DUE TO LEUKEMIA IN BRAZIL IN THE LAST 10 YEARS

Introduction: In general, leukemias can be classified as acute or chronic, depending on the compromised cell line. Environmental exposure factors, genetic abnormalities and familial mutations are well established risk factors. In Brazil it is estimated that 10.800 new cases has occurred in 2018, and its been responsible for 6.837 deaths in the year of 2015. Objective: This study aims to analyse mortality related to leukemia in the last 10 years. MATERIALS AND Methods: It is an retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological study in which DATASUS data platform has been used as search resource. The present study covered the period from January 2009 to December 2018. Results and Discussion: On the analysed period, the number of leukemia deaths in Brazil reached 22.320, which means a mortality rate of 7,52 per 100.000 people. The Southeast region had the highest number of deaths, and it is responsible for 44,5% of all deaths attributed to this illness (9.935 cases). On the other hand, North region had the smallest number of deaths, 14,4% (1.428 cases) - however, it was related to the highest death rate, 9,12%. Midwest region had the smallest death rate, 6,13 per 100.000 people. Northeast, Southeast and South showed similar rates, 7,38, 7,69 and 7,34, respectively. Also, skin color related to highest number of deaths was the yellow skin color, 10,57 per 100.000 people, but the highest death rate was related to white skin color with 41% of all deaths (9.162 cases). Regarding the evaluation of age, the highest number of cases was identified between 65 to 69 years old, also related to 8,38% of all leukemia deaths (1.872 cases). Highest death rate was among patients older than 80 years old, with 29,33 deaths per 100.000 people. As related in literature, the death rate and the number of deaths is similar between sexes - 7,2 for men and 7,9 for women - with 45,3% of all leukemia deaths on men (10.116 cases) and 54,7% on women (12.204 cases). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrates that the mortality rate of leukemias can not be directly associated to individual sex. However, it was observed a positive relation between leukemia incidence and skin color and age, being the highest rate associated to yellow skin and elderly population. The main restriction to this study was the data plataform available, which does not stratifies leukemias subtypes.

 

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No conflict of interest has been declared by the author(s).

Publication History

Article published online:
23 October 2019