COMORBIDITIES AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED TO POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN SURGERIES OF CANCER PATIENTS

Introduction:Surgery is still the main treatment for cancer, and it is chosen do be done in more than 70% of cases. However, the risk of postoperative complications is more frequent in cancer patients, due to several factors. The recognition and balance of these factors in the preoperative period is fundamental for the success of the treatment.Objective:To identify the risk factors associated with the occurrence of surgical complications in cancer patients operated at the General Hospital of Cuiabá-MT.Method:retrospective cross-sectional analytical study with the gathered information of 67 patients, who underwent on an oncologic surgery between the months of July 2018 to February,2019. In the making of this study, the following variables were analyzed:age, gender, ASA(American Society of Anesthesiology), comorbidities, surgical data, Clavien-Dindo and length of hospitalization. For the data analysis and statistical tests, the program Epi Info(7.2.2.6) was used. Results:The mean age of the patients was 52.9 years (with a minimum age of 23 and a maximum age of 79), with the average length of hospitalization of 24.83 ± 30.80(1 to 151 days).The gender survey showed that 38(56, 72%) were female and 29(43.28%) were male, establishing a ratio of 1.3:1. In total, 34(50.78%) patients reported having comorbidities, with hypertension appearing the most (40.30%) and 34(50.74%) presented a physiological disorder that went from mild to moderate (ASA-2).Relating to the surgery data, 38(56.72%) were able to heal, 27(40.30%) of them lasted less than 2hs, 29(43.28%) with potential for contamination, 10(14.9%) had some sort of complication and 5( 7.46%) had immediate complications. Regarding the postoperative period, 18(26.87%) patients were admitted to ICU, 12(17.91%) developed postoperative morbidity and mortality classified into(4 - Level III and 1 - Level IV), 49(74.13%) were discharged in good health and 5(7.46%) died. The risk factors that were associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality were length of hospitalization (RR = 3.5), immediate complications (RR = 5 , 5), type of surgery (RR = 3.4), ASA(RR = 2.0) and ICU (RR = 3.1). Conclusion: Despite the limitations in our study related to the lack of information in the data as a whole,(which in this case, the lack of information also brings an important care alert), the results contribute to the awareness and comprehension of simple measures that can help to reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality, improving the care quality of the cancer patient.

 

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Artikel online veröffentlicht:
23. Oktober 2019