Epidemiological profile of congenital anomalies of the nervous system in the health region of Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil: 2011 - 2020

*Correspondence: [e-mail].

Abstract

Background: Congenital anomalies (CA), defined as structural or functional defects that develop during the intrauterine period, are a global health concern, since approximately 3% of newborns worldwide are affected by this condition, of which 2 out of 1000 cases correspond to neuropathies.

Objective: To describe the epidemiological and demographic characteristics of congenital anomalies of the nervous system in children born in the Health Region of Imperatriz in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, during the period from 2011 to 2020.

Methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective study based on secondary data collected from the database of the Live Birth Information System, referring to one of the 19 Health Regions of Maranhão, the Health Region of Imperatriz.

Results: A total of 50,386 live birth records in SINASC from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed. Of these, 152 (0.30%) had a diagnosis of congenital anomalies of the nervous system. The majority of mothers were of mixed race (90.78%). The most prevalent maternal age group was 20-24 years (32.89%). The majority of mothers had 8-11 years of schooling (65.78). A predominant proportion of mothers were single (75%). The majority of pregnancies were single (95.39%). The median number of prenatal visits was 3-6 visits. The majority of mothers had "more than adequately" completed prenatal care (26%). The mean gestational age was 37-42 weeks. The majority of births were cesarean (78.28%). The majority of newborns were male (59.21%) and had a weight between 2,500 - 2,999g (30.26%).

Conclusion: Thus, the epidemiological profile of congenital anomalies of the nervous system is characterized by a prevalence in male children, who were born at term, with normal weight and by cesarean section. In addition, most of the mothers were single, of mixed race, with education level 2, between the ages of 20-24 years old, with a single pregnancy and who underwent prenatal care more than adequately.

 

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Artikel online veröffentlicht:
12. Mai 2025