Die Psychologie des verunfallten Kindes

Zusammenfassung.

Eine bedeutsame Zahl von Kindern entwickelt nach Unfällen psychische Symptome, welche als post-traumatische Belastungsreaktionen bezeichnet werden können. Es wird ein Überblick über die Literatur zum Thema der psychischen Konsequenzen nach Unfällen im Kindesalter gegeben. Neben Klassifikation und Erfassung posttraumatischer psychischer Reaktionen, werden die Prävalenz, die Pathogenese, die Biologie sowie die Prävention und Behandlung solcher Störungen behandelt. Es wird empfohlen, dass zukünftig in der Behandlung des verunfallten Kindes vermehrt psycho-traumatologische Aspekte berücksichtigt werden.

The Psychology of Children after Trauma.

A significant number of child victims of accidents develops psychological symptoms which can be described as posttraumatic stress reactions. This article reviews the literature on psychological consequences of accidents. Classification, diagnosis, prevalence, pathogenesis, biology, prevention, and therapy of post-traumatic stress reactions in children and adolescents are discussed. Consideration of psychotraumatological aspects in the treatment of children and adolescents after accidents is recommended.

Schlüsselwörter:

Unfall - Kind - Jugendliche - Psychologie - posttraumatische Belastungsstörung

Key words:

Accident - Child - Adolescent - Psychology - Post-traumatic stress disorder

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1 Die Diagnosekriterien gemäß des in Europa gebräuchlicheren Klassifikationssystems ICD-10 unterscheiden sich nur unwesentlich von jenen des DSM-IV [5]. Da in der Forschungsliteratur fast ausschließlich auf die DSM-IV Kriterien Bezug genommen wird, werden diese in der Folge ausführlicher vorgestellt.