Zusammenfassung
Der Wachstumsfaktorrezeptor HER-2/neu ist in 25 - 30 % aller Mammakarzinome überexprimiert
und mit einer ungünstigen Prognose assoziiert. Beim metastasierten Mammakarzinom ist
HER-2/neu außerdem ein prädiktiver Faktor für das Ansprechen auf eine HER-2/neu-Antikörpertherapie.
Aktuelle Untersuchungen zeigen, dass das Ansprechen auf eine HER-2/neu-Antikörpertherapie
stark mit dem Grad der HER-2/neu-Überexpression und der Nachweismethode (IHC vs. FISH)
korrelieren. Unklar ist dagegen der prädiktive Wert von HER-2/neu für das Ansprechen
auf eine Chemo- oder Hormontherapie. Die Klärung dieser Frage ist insbesondere für
die adjuvante Therapie von Bedeutung, da sich adjuvante Therapiestudien mit HER-2/neu-Antikörpern
erst in Planung befinden. Die Interpretation bisheriger Studien, in denen der prädiktive
Stellenwert von HER-2/neu untersucht wurde, ist schwierig, da meist nur selektierte
Untergruppen retrospektiv ausgewertet wurden. Häufig sind Design vieler Studien und
die jeweiligen sehr geringen Fallzahlen für die Beurteilung eines prädiktiven Markers
ungeeignet. Darüber hinaus erschweren Kontroversen in der immunhistochemischen HER-2/neu-Diagnostik
die Vergleichbarkeit der Studienergebnisse. Trotz dieser Einschränkungen belegen retrospektive
Analysen, dass die Prognose des HER-2/neu-positiven Mammakarzinoms durch eine adjuvante,
anthrazyklin-haltige Kombinationstherapie verbessert werden kann. Dabei scheint die
Einhaltung einer Schwellendosis der anthrazyklin-haltigen Chemotherapie bei HER-2/neu-positiven
Patientinnen, mit einem verbesserten Therapieansprechen assoziiert zu sein. Die vorliegenden
Ergebnisse dürfen jedoch nicht im Sinne einer Anthrazyklin-Resistenz HER-2/neu-negativer
Patientinnen interpretiert werden. Darüber hinaus liegen bisher keine vergleichenden
Studien vor, die eindeutig belegen, dass eine anthrazyklinhaltige Therapie bei HER-2/neu-positiven
Patientinnen einem nicht anthrazyklinhaltigen Schema wie z. B. Cyclophosphamid, Methotrexat
und Fluorouracil überlegen ist. Ein verbessertes Ansprechen HER-2/neu-positiver Patientinnen
auf Taxane ließ sich bisher nur in einer Studie mit sehr geringen Fallzahlen nachweisen.
In den meisten Hormontherapiestudien ging eine HER-2/neu-Überexpression mit einer
endokrinen Resistenz einher. Präklinische Untersuchungen belegen eine solche endokrine
Resistenz. Da prospektive Studien bisher fehlen, können generelle Therapieempfehlungen
bei HER-2/neu-Überexpression derzeit nicht gegeben werden und Therapieentscheidungen
müssen individuell erfolgen. Die vorliegende Arbeit setzt sich kritisch mit sämtlichen
bisher publizierten Untersuchungen und Studien auseinander, um die bisherigen Ergebnisse
sinnvoll in die Therapieplanung integrieren zu können.
Summary
Amplification of the HER-2/neu gene resulting in overexpression of the p185HER-2 growth
factor receptor occurs in approximately 25 - 30 % of early stage breast cancers and
is associated with a poor prognosis. HER-2/neu has also become a marker for predicting
the response to anti-HER-2/neu monoclonal antibodies, which have been shown to improve
the response rate, response duration, and overall survival in combination with chemotherapy
in HER-2/neu amplified metastatic breast cancers. Recent data suggest an association
between the degree of HER-2/neu overexpression and the response to anti-HER-2/neu
monoclonal antibodies. HER-2/neu is also a potential predictive marker for response
to chemotherapy or endocrine therapy. Controversies about the detection of HER-2/neu
in archival breast tumor specimens and pitfalls of retrospective subgroup analysis
complicate the interpretation of studies of the predictive value of HER-2/neu. As
a result there is no conclusive evidence for resistence towards cyclophosphamide,
methotrexate, and fluorouracil in HER-2/neu-positive breast cancers. Retrospective
studies suggest an increased response to doxorubicin-containing chemotherapeutic regimens
in HER-2/neu-positive breast cancers. Data on taxanes are inconclusive. HER-2/neu
overexpression is also inversely associated with estrogen receptor (ER) positivity,
but in cases where ER and HER-2/neu are co-expressed tamoxifen efficacy is in question.
Large cooperative trials have not confirmed a deleterious effect of tamoxifen in such
cases. In conclusion, HER-2/neu may be a useful marker for predicting the response
to chemotherapy agents, antiestrogens, and therapeutic anti-HER-2/neu monoclonal antibodies.
Schlüsselwörter
HER-2/neu - c-erbB-2 - Mammakarzinom - Prädiktiver Faktor - Herceptin® - CMF - Anthrazykline
- Dosisintensivierung - Paclitaxel - Endokrine Therapie - FISH
Key words
HER-2/neu - c-erbB-2 - Breast cancer - Predictive factor - Herceptin® - CMF - Anthracyclines
- Dose intensification - Paclitaxel - Endocrine therapy - FISH
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M. D. Gottfried Konecny
UCLA School of Medicine Division of Hematology-Oncology 12-145 Factor Building
10833 Le Conte Ave
Los Angeles, CA 90095
USA
Email: E-mail: gkonecny@ucla.edu