Zusammenfassung.
Ziel: Überprüfung der Aussagekraft der MR-Angiographie (MRA) der A. carotis bei 1,0 T im
Vergleich zur selektiven intraarteriellen digitalen Subtraktionsangiographie (i.a.DSA)
und Wertung der Einsatzfähigkeit der Methode in der klinischen Routine bei der Diagnostik
von Karotisstenosen. Methoden: 55 Patienten wurden zur Abklärung einer zerebrovaskulären Insuffizienz bzw. Karotisstenose
vergleichend mit einer 3D-kontrastverstärkten GRE-Sequenz an einem Mittelfeldsystem
(TR/TE 6,2 ± 2,2 ms) und einer selektiven i.a.DSA der Karotiden untersucht. Die Bildanalyse
der MRA erfolgte hinsichtlich qualitativer Kriterien, wie Kontrast und venöser Überlagerung.
Morphologische Veränderungen wurden für sämtliche Arterien erfasst, wobei Stenosen
der A. carotis int. entsprechend den NASCET-Kriterien graduiert wurden. Ergebnisse: Die Sensitivitat und Spezifität der MRA für den Nachweis von höhergradigen Stenosen
(> 70 %) und Verschlüssen des extrakraniellen Stromgebietes der A. carotis interna
betrugen 97,7 bzw. 94,0 %. Therapierelevante Fehlbeurteilungen beruhten überwiegend
auf einer Überschätzung des Stenosegrades. Schlussfolgerung: Die angewendete Methode ermöglicht auch mit einem Mittelfeldsystem eine relativ zuverlässige
Beurteilung der Karotisstrombahn. Therapierelevante Befunde sollten jedoch weiterhin
mit einer i.a.DSA verifiziert werden, da auch eine geringe Fehlerzahl im Einzelfall
von hoher klinischer Bedeutung sein kann.
Contrast-Enhanced, Three-dimensional MR Angiography of the Carotid Artery at 1.0 Tesla
in Comparison to Intra-Arterial DSA - Is the Method Suitable for Diagnosis of Carotid
Artery Disease?
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of three- dimensional, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance
angiography (CE-MRA) of the carotid artery with a 1.0 T system in comparison to intra-arterial
conventional angiography (i.a.CA) for the assessment of carotid artery disease. Method: 55 patients with suspected stenosis of the carotid artery were examined with a 3
D-CE gradient-echo sequence on a 1.0 T scanner (TR/TE = 6.2/2.2 ms) and a selective
DSA i.a. angiography. Image quality was evaluated by estimating the arterial contrast
and venous enhancement. Morphological pathologies were registered for all arteries,
stenoses of the internal carotid artery were graded by applying the NASCET criteria.
Results: Sensitivity and specificity of MRA in detecting high-grade stenosis (≥ 70 %) and
occlusion of the extracranial internal carotid artery were 97.7 and 94.0 %. Therapeutic
relevant misinterpretations were mostly based on overestimating the stenoses. Conclusion: The applied CE-MRA technique with a 1.0 T system is suitable for the assessment of
carotid artery stenoses. In case of a therapeutically relevant stenosis revealed by
MRA, however, verification of the diagnosis by i.a.CA is recommended.
Schlüsselwörter:
MR Angiographie - Gadolinium - Mittelfeldsystem - i.a. DSA - A. carotis - Stenose
oder Verschluss
Key words:
MR angiography - Gadolinium - Mid-field equipment - Digital subtraction arteriography
- Carotid arteries - Stenosis or occlusion
Literatur
1
North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaboratores .
Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high grade
carotid artery stenosis.
N Engl J Med.
1991;
325
445-453
2
Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis for asymptomatic
carotid artery stenosis .
J Am Med Ass.
1995;
273
1432-1228
3
The (N.A.S.C.E.T.) North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Steering
Committee .
North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial: methods, patients characteristics
and progress.
Stroke.
1991;
22
711-720
4
Horrow M M, Stassi J, Schurman A, Brody J D, Kirby C L, Rosenberg H K.
The Limitations of carotid sonography: interpretative and technology-related errors.
Amer J Roentgenol.
2000;
174
189-194
5
Heisermann J E, Dean B L, Hodak J A, et al.
Neurologic complications of cerebral angiography.
Am J Neuroradiol.
1994;
15
1401-1408
6
Kuntz K M, Skillman J J, Whittemore A D, Kent K C.
Carotid endarterectomy in asymptomatic patients: is contrast angiography necessary?
A morbidity analysis.
J Vasc Surg.
1995;
22
706-716
7 Moore W S.
Indications and surgical technique for the repair of extracranial occlusive lesions. In: Rutherford RB (ed) Vascular surgery. Philadelphia, PA; Saunders 1995: 1554-1573
8
Akers D L, Markowitz I A, Kerstein M D.
The value of aortic arch study in the evaluation of cerebrovascular insufficiency.
Am J Surg.
1987;
154
230-232
9
Mattos M A, van Bemmelen P S, Hodgson K J, Barkmeier L D, Ramsey D E, Sumner D S.
The influence of carotid siphon stenosis on short- and long-term outcome after carotid
endarterectomy.
J Vasc Surg.
1993;
17
902-911
10
Oberholzer K, Kreitner K-F, Kalden P, Pitton M, Requardt M.
Kontrastverstärkte MR-Angiographie abdomineller Gefäße an einem 1,0 T-System.
Fortschr Röntgenstr.
2000;
172
134-138
11
Oberholzer K, Kreitner K-F, Kalden P, Requardt M, Pitton M, Mildenberger P, Thelen M.
MR-Angiographie peripherer Gefäße mit automatischer Verschiebetisch-Technik bei 1,0
T im Vergleich zur i.a.DSA.
Fortschr Röntgenstr.
1999;
171
240-243
12
Fox A J.
How to measure carotid stenosis.
Radiology.
1993;
186
316-318
13
Sardanelli F, Zandrino F, Parodi R C, De Caro G.
MR Angiography of internal carotid arteries: breath-hold Gd-enhanced 3D fast imaging
with steady-state precession versus unenhanced 2D and 3D time-of-flight techniques.
JCAT.
1999;
23
(2)
208-215
14
Huston J, Lewis B D, Wiebers D O, Meyer F B, Riederer S J, Weaver A L.
Carotid artery: prospective blinded comparison of two-dimensional time-of-flight MR
angiography with conventional angiography and duplex US.
Radiology.
1993;
186
339-344
15
Vogl T J, Heinzinger K, Juergens M, Kutter R, Hepp W, Balzer J O, Haupt G, Banzer D,
Felix R.
Mehrvolumen-MR-Angiographie der A. carotis interna: Eine präoperative Vergleichsstudie.
Fortschr Röntgenstr.
1995;
162
(5)
404-411
16
Link J, Brinkmann G, Steffens J C, Graessner J, Müller-Hülsbeck S, Heller M.
MR-Angiographie der Karotiden mit 3D-TOF-Technik mit sagittaler „Doppelvolumen”-Akquisition
unter Verwendung einer neuen Kopf-Hals-Spule.
Fortschr Röntgenstr.
1996;
165
(6)
544-550
17
Willig D S, Turski P A, Frayne R, Graves V B, Korosec F R, Swan J S, Mistretta C A,
Grist T M.
Contrast-enhanced 3D MRA DSA of the carotid artery bifurcation: preliminary study
of comparison with unenhanced 2D and 3D time-of-flight MR angiography.
Radiology.
1998;
208
447-451
18
Levy R A, Prince M R.
Arterial-phase three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the carotid arteries.
Amer J Roentgenol.
1996;
167
211-215
19
Kim J K, Farb R I, Wright G A.
Test bolus examination in the carotid artery at dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography.
Radiology.
1998;
206
283-289
20
Earls J P, Rofsky N M, De Corato D R, Krinsky G A, Weinreb J C.
Breath-hold single dose gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography: usefullness
of a timing examination and MR power injektor.
Radiology.
1996;
201
705-710
21
Leclerc X, Gauvrit J Y, Nicol L, Martinat P, Pruve P.
Gadolinium-enhanced fast three-dimensional angiography of the neck.
Invest Radiol.
1999;
34
204-210
22
Anderson C M, Saloner D, Tsuruda J S, Shapeero L G, Lee R E.
Artifacts in maximum-intensity-projection display of MR angiograms.
Amer J Roentgenol.
1990;
154
623-629
23
Rofsky N M, Adelman M A.
Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography of the carotid arteries: a small step, a giant
leap?.
Radiology.
1998;
209
31-34
24
De Marco J K, Nesbit G M, Wesbey G E, Richardson D.
Prospective evaluation of extracranial carotid stenosis: MR angiography with Maximum-Intensity
Projections and Multiplanar Reformation compared with conventional angiography.
Amer J Roentgenol.
1994;
163
1205-1212
25
Wassermann B A, Haacke E M, Li D.
Carotid plaque formation and its evaluation with angiography, ultrasound, and MR angiography.
J Magn Reson Imaging.
1994;
4
515-527
26
Prince M R, Chenevert T L, Foo T KF, Londy F J, Ward J S, Maki J H.
Contrast-enhanced abdominal MR angiography: optimization of imaging delay time by
automating the detection of contrast material arrival time in the aorta.
Radiology.
1997;
203
109-114
27
Huston J, Fain S B, Riederer S J, Wilman A H, Bernstein M A, Busse R F.
Carotid arteries: maximizing arterial to venous contrast in fluoroscopically triggered
contrast-enhanced MR angiography with elliptic centric view ordering.
Radiology.
1999;
211
265-273
28
Korosec F R, Frayne R, Grist T M, Mistretta C A.
Time resolved contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography.
Magn Res Med.
1996;
36
345-351
29 Heid O, Remonda L. Outer limits of contrast-enhanced 3D MRA. Proceedings of the
Society of Magnetic Resonance and the European Society for Magnetic resonance in Medicine
and Biology. 1997 1: 254
30
Remonda L, Heid O, Schroth G.
Carotid artery stenosis, occlusion, and pseudo-occlusion: first-pass, contrast-enhanced,
three- dimensional MR angiography-preliminary study.
Radiology.
1998;
209
95-102
31
Krinsky G, Maya M, Rofsky N, Lebowitz J, Nelson P K, Ambrosino M, et al.
Gadolinium-enhanced 3D MRA of the aortic arch vessels in the detection of atherosclerotic
cerebrovascular occlusive disease.
J CAT.
1998;
22
(2)
167-178
32
Serfaty J M, Chirossel P, Chevallier J M, Ecohard R, Froment J C, Douek P C.
Accuracy of three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography in the assessment
of extracranial carotid artery disease.
Amer J Roentgenol.
2000;
175
455-463
Dr. Katja Oberholzer
Klinik für Radiologie Johannes Gutenberg Universität
Langenbeckstraße 1 55131 Mainz
Phone: + 49-6131-172019
Fax: + 49-6131-176633
Email: oberholz@radiologie.klinik.uni-mainz.de