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DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-14501
Schlaganfall, Cholesterin und Statine - Gibt es neue Daten zur Schlaganfallprophylaxe?
Stroke, cholesterol and statins: are there new data about stroke prevention?Publication History
Publication Date:
10 October 2002 (online)

Schlaganfälle haben eine große medizinische und volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung. Sie stellen nach Herzinfarkt und malignen Erkrankungen die dritthäufigste Todesursache in den westlichen Ländern dar. Zugleich sind sie die häufigste Ursache für eine im höheren Lebensalter erworbene Behinderung. Die jährliche Inzidenz wird mit 0,15 - 0,25 % angegeben (0,161 % für »first ever« Hirninfarkt und intracerebrale Blutung [24]; 0,259 für erste und Rezidivschlaganfälle [46] ). Sie ist stark altersabhängig und beträgt beim 80-jährigen Menschen bereits etwa 2 % [46]. Durch präventive Maßnahmen ist die alterskorrigierte Inzidenz des Schlaganfalls in den letzten Jahren zurückgegangen. Durch die Verschiebung der Alterspyramide ist dieser Effekt jedoch weitgehend ausgeglichen worden, sodass die altersunabhängige Inzidenz etwa konstant ist [40].
Die wichtigsten, heute bekannten Risikofaktoren des Schlaganfalls und ihre Beeinflussung sind in [Tab. 1] mit exemplarischen Literaturstellen zusammengefasst. Schon lange ist aus der Framingham-Studie bekannt, dass erhöhte Cholesterin-spiegel, insbesondere eine Erhöhung des LDL-Cholesterins, einen wichtigen Risikofaktor für Herzinfarkt darstellen, und dass eine Senkung derselben zu einer Senkung der Herzinfarktrate führt [23] [50] . Die Framingham Studie zeigte aber auch als eine der ersten Studien, dass Cholesterin offenbar keinen Risikofaktor für Schlaganfall darstellt [48]. Die Situation hat sich in jüngster Zeit nach einigen Interventionsstudien mit Cholesterin-Synthese(CSE)-Hemmern gewandelt. Allerdings gibt es einige methodische Besonderheiten bei diesen Studien zu beachten, sodass die Ergebnisse nicht automatisch auf das gesamte Krankheitsbild Schlaganfall verallgemeinert werden können. Es besteht weithin Unsicherheit, ob Statine bei Schlaganfallpatienten regelhaft eingesetzt werden sollen. In dieser Übersicht soll der aktuelle Stand der Diskussion zum Zusammenhang Schlaganfall - Cholesterin wiedergegeben werden und dabei auf die Bedeutung der Cholesterinsenkung eingegangen werden.
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Korrespondenz
Prof. Dr. med. Dipl. Psych. Andreas Ferbert
Neurologische Klinik Klinikum Kassel
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