ABSTRACT
Stellate cells and immune cells are both active participants in the pathogenesis of
liver disease. Interactions between these two populations are important determinants
of disease outcome. Kupffer cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes all have the potential
to influence stellate cells. They produce a host of humoral mediators, including oxidants,
nitric oxide, cytokines, eicosanoids, and proteinases, which can affect stellate cell
proliferation, gene expression, and contractility. One important feature of stellate
cell-immune cell interactions is that they are bidirectional. Not only do stellate
cells receive signals from leukocytes, but they also elaborate signals that target
leukocytes. Specifically, stellate cells can promote leukocyte chemotaxis and adherence,
and they may also influence leukocyte activation by producing regulatory cytokines.
Studies in culture provide an important background for understanding the effects of
specific mediators on stellate cells and immune cells. Experiments in vivo offer an
important adjunct, but often lead to confounding effects that limit interpretation.
Both types of studies are required to develop a better understanding of the complex
interplay between stellate cells and leukocytes.
KEYWORD
Kupffer cell - neutrophil - lymphocyte - cytokine - liver fibrosis
