Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-17867
Low fecal elastase-1 in type I diabetes mellitus
Niedrige Konzentrationen fäkaler Elastase-1 bei Typ-1-DiabetesPublication History
31.1.2001
13.6.2001
Publication Date:
17 October 2001 (online)

Summary: Background: Previous studies suggested impaired pancreatic exocrine function in type I diabetes patients, but have been limited by small or highly selected samples. Fecal elastase-1 has facilitated evaluation of pancreatic dysfunction in population-based studies.
Methods: 112 type I diabetic patients (age ± SD: 37 ± 11 years; 47 % males; diabetes duration: 12.5 ± 10.5 years) were consecutively selected from main regional diabetes centers in Essen, West-Germany. 116 non-diabetic control subjects, similar with respect to age and sex, were recruited from the same geographical region. Elastase-1 measurement was performed centrally by ELISA (ScheboTech, Germany).
Results: Elastase-1 concentrations in type I diabetic patients were significantly lower than in control subjects (median; inter-quartile range: diabetic patients: 227, 98-386 µg/g stool; non-diabetic subjects: 544, 377-702 µg/g stool) (p < 0.01). Elastase-1 < 100 µg/g stool (E1 < 100) was found in 25.9 % of diabetic and 5.2 % of non-diabetic subjects, yielding an age-sex-adjusted prevalence Odds ratio (POR; 95 % CI) for diabetes and E1 < 100 of 6.9 (2.8-19.6). After adjusting for potential confounders (history of gastrointestinal diseases, smoking, alcohol consumption) the strong association remained (POR: 6.7; 2.7-19.2). Among patients with diabetes, E1 < 100 was associated with quality of glycemic control (HbA1c, change per 1 %: POR 1.5; 1.1-2.0), diabetes duration (per year: POR 1.1; 1.03-1.2), and age at diabetes onset (per age year: POR 1.1; 1.02-1.1). No association was found with history of gastrointestinal diseases, smoking, or alcohol consumption (current, life-time).
Conclusions: Fecal elastase-1 concentrations were lower in type I diabetes patients compared to control subjects, indicating impaired pancreatic exocrine function. Low elastase-1 was associated with poor metabolic control and longer diabetes duration.
Niedrige Konzentrationen fäkaler Elastase-1 bei Typ-1-Diabetes
Hintergrund: Eine gestörte exokrine Pankreasfunktion bei Typ-I-Diabetes wurde mehrfach beschrieben, jedoch wurden nur kleine oder hoch selektierte Kollektive untersucht. Die Bestimmung der fäkalen Elastase-1 ermöglicht die Untersuchung der veränderten Pankreasfunktion in populationsbasierten Studien.
Methoden: 112 Patienten mit Typ-I-Diabetes (Alter ± SD: 37 ± 11 Jahre; 47 % männlich; Diabetesdauer: 12,5 ± 10,5 Jahre) wurden konsekutiv in den wesentlichen regionalen Diabeteszentren in Essen, Westdeutschland, einbezogen. 116 nichtdiabetische Kontrollpersonen gleichen Alters und Geschlechts wurden aus derselben geographischen Region rekrutiert. Die Elastase-1-Bestimmung erfolgte zentral mittels ELISA (ScheboTech, Deutschland).
Ergebnisse: Elastase-1-Konzentrationen bei Patienten mit Typ-I-Diabetes waren signifikant niedriger als bei Kontrollpersonen (Median; Inter-quartile-Range: Diabetespatienten: 227, 98-386 µg/g Stuhl; Kontrollen: 544, 377-702 µg/g Stuhl) (p < 0,01). Elastase-1 < 100 µg/g Stuhl (E1 < 100) fand sich bei 25,9 % der diabetischen und 5,2 % der nichtdiabetischen Personen, entsprechend einer alters-geschlechts-adjustierten Prävalenz-Odds-Ratio (POR; 95 % CI) für Diabetes und E1 < 100 von 6,9 (2,8-19,6). Nach Adjustierung für potenzielle Confounder (Anamnese gastrointestinaler Erkrankungen, Rauchen, Alkoholkonsum) blieb der starke Zusammenhang bestehen (POR: 6,7; 2,7-19,2). Bei Patienten mit Diabetes fand sich ein Zusammenhang zwischen E1 < 100 und Güte der Stoffwechseleinstellung (HbA1c, pro 1 %: POR 1,5; 1,1-2,0), Diabetesdauer (pro Jahr: POR 1,1; 1,03-1,2) und Alter bei Diabetesbeginn (pro Lebensjahr: POR 1,1; 1,02-1,1), jedoch nicht für Anamnese gastrointestinaler Erkrankungen, Rauchen und Alkoholkonsum (aktuell, Lebenszeit).
Diskussion: Die Konzentration der fäkalen Elastase-1 ist bei Patienten mit Typ-I-Diabetes niedriger als bei Kontrollpersonen, was auf eine gestörte exokrine Pankreasfunktion hinweist. Niedrige Elastase-1-Konzentrationen waren mit schlechter Stoffwechseleinstellung sowie langer Diabetesdauer assoziiert.
Key words
Type I Diabetes mellitus - Pancreatic Exocrine Function - Fecal Elastase-1 Measurement
Schlüsselwörter
Typ-1-Diabetes mellitus - exokrine Pankreasfunktion - fäkale Elastase-1
References
- 1
Blumenthal H T, Probstein J G, Berns A W.
Interrelationship of diabetes mellitus and
pancreatitis.
Arch
Surg.
1963;
87
156-162
MissingFormLabel
- 2
Chey W Y, Shay H, Shuman C R.
External pancreatic secretion in diabetes
mellitus.
Ann Intern
Med.
1993;
59
812-821
MissingFormLabel
- 3
Frier B M, Saunders J HB, Wormsley K G, Bouchier I AD.
Exocrine pancreatic function in juvenile-onset diabetes
mellitus.
Gut.
1976;
17
685-691
MissingFormLabel
- 4
Harano Y, Kim C H, Kang M. et al .
External pancreatic dysfunction associated with diabetes
mellitus.
J Lab Clin
Med.
1978;
91
780-790
MissingFormLabel
- 5
Bretzke G.
Diabetes mellitus und exokrine
Pankreasfunktion.
Z Ges Inn
Med.
1984;
39
388-390
MissingFormLabel
- 6
Putzke H P, Friedrich G.
Pankreatopathie bei Diabetes mellitus.
Z Allg
Pathol
Anat.
1986;
131
37-41
MissingFormLabel
- 7
Newihi H E, Dooley C P, Saad C. et al .
Impaired exocrine pancreatic function in diabetics with
diarrhea and peripheral neuropathy.
Dig Dis
Sci.
1988;
33
705-710
MissingFormLabel
- 8
Semakula C, Vandewalle C L, van
Schravendijk C FH. et al .
Abnormal circulating pancreatic enzyme activities in more
than twenty-five percent of recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetic patients:
Association of hyperlipasemia with high-titer islet cell
antibodies.
Pancreas.
1996;
12
321-333
MissingFormLabel
- 9
Lankisch P G, Manthey G, Otto J. et al .
Exocrine function in insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus.
Digestion.
1982;
25
211-216
MissingFormLabel
- 10
Rathmann W, Icks A, Haastert B. et al .
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and type 2 diabetes are
strongly associated.
Scand J Gastroenterol (in press).
MissingFormLabel
- 11
Löser C, Möllgaard A, Fölsch U R.
Faecal elastase-1: A novel, highly sensitive, and specific
tubeless pancreatic function
test.
Gut.
1996;
39
580-586
MissingFormLabel
- 12
Dominguez-Munoz J E, Hieronymus C, Sauerbruch T, Malfertheiner P.
Fecal elastase test: Evaluation of a new noninvasive
pancreatic function test.
Am J
Gastroenterol.
1995;
90
1834-1837
MissingFormLabel
- 13
Stein J, Jung M, Sziegoleit A. et al .
Immunoreactive elastase-1: Clinical evaluation of a new
noninvasive test of pancreatic function.
Clin
Chem.
1996;
42
222-226
MissingFormLabel
- 14
Talley N J, Keefe E A, Zinsmeister A R, Melton L J.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the elderly: A
population-based
study.
Gastroenterology.
1992;
102
895-901
MissingFormLabel
- 15
Talley N J, Weaver A L, Zinsmeister A R, Melton L J.
Onset and disappearance of gastrointestinal symptoms and
functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Am J
Epidemiol.
1992;
136
165-177
MissingFormLabel
- 16
Gröger G, Layer P.
Exocrine pancreatic function in diabetes
mellitus.
Eur J Gastroenterol
Hepatol.
1995;
7
740-746
MissingFormLabel
- 17
DiMagno E P, Go V LW, Summerskill W HJ.
Relations between pancreatic enzyme outputs and malabsorption
in severe pancreatic insufficiency.
N Engl J
Med.
1973;
288
813-815
MissingFormLabel
- 18
Kobayashi T, Nakanishi K, Kajio H. et al .
Pancreatic cytokeratin: An antigen of pancreatic exocrine
cell antoantibodies in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes
mellitus.
Diabetologia.
1990;
33
363-370
MissingFormLabel
- 19
Williams J A, Goldfine I D.
The insulin-pancreatic acinar
axis.
Diabetes.
1985;
34
980-986
MissingFormLabel
- 20
Silva M ER, Vezozzo D P, Ursich M JM. et al .
Ultrasonographic abnormalities of the pancreas in IDDM and
NIDDM patients.
Diabetes
Care.
1993;
16
1296-1297
MissingFormLabel
- 21
Alzaid A, Aideyan O, Nawaz S.
The size of the pancreas in diabetes
mellitus.
Diabet
Med.
1993;
10
759-763
MissingFormLabel
- 22
Lam W F, Gielkens H AJ, Coenraad M. et al .
Effect of insulin and glucose on basal and
cholecystokinin-stimulated exocrine pancreatic secretion in
humans.
Pancreas.
1999;
18
252-258
MissingFormLabel
- 23
Dyck W P, Rudick J, Hoexter B, Janowitz H D.
Influence of glucagon on pancreatic exocrine secretion in
man.
Gastroenterology.
1969;
56
531-537
MissingFormLabel
- 24
Patel Y C, Weir G C.
Increased somatostatin content of islets from
streptotocin-diabetic rats.
Clin
Endocrinol.
1976;
5
191-194
MissingFormLabel
- 25
Ziegler D, Gries F A, Mühlen H. et al .
Prevalence and clinical correlates of cardiovascular
autonomic and peripheral diabetic neuropathy in patients attending diabetes
centers.
Diab
Metab.
1993;
19
143-151
MissingFormLabel
- 26
Lankisch P G, Schmidt I, König H. et al .
Faecal elastase-1: Not helpful in diagnosing chronic
pancreatitis associated with mild to moderate exocrine pancreatic
insuffiency.
Gut.
1998;
42
551-554
MissingFormLabel
- 27
Mühlhauser I, Overmann H, Bender R. et al .
Social status and the quality of care for adult people with
Type 1-diabetes - a population-based
study.
Diabetologia.
1998;
41
1139-1150
MissingFormLabel
- 28
Kaukinen K, Collin P, Mykkänen A -H. et al .
Celiac disease and autoimmun disorders.
Dig Dis
Sci.
1999;
44
1428-1433
MissingFormLabel
Address for correspondence
Andrea Icks MD MPH
Department for Biometrics and Epidemiology
German
Diabetes Research Institute at Heinrich-Heine-University
Auf‘m Hennekamp 65
40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
Email: icks@dafi.uni-duesseldorf.de