Der Einfluss von psychosozialen Faktoren auf das Demenzerkrankungsrisiko

Zusammenfassung

Bei der Entstehung der Demenzen spielen verschiedene genetische wie Umweltfaktoren eine Rolle. Epidemiologische Studien zu Risikofaktoren haben sich bisher vorwiegend auf den Einfluss soziodemographischer Faktoren wie Alter, Geschlecht, Bildung, positive Familienanamnese und „life style”-Faktoren wie Alkohol- und Tabakkonsum konzentriert.

Der Einfluss psychosozialer Faktoren auf das Risiko, an einer Demenz zu erkranken, wird in der Literatur bisher wenig diskutiert. Unsere Arbeit gibt eine systematische Übersicht über alle publizierten wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten zur Bedeutung dieser Risikofaktoren.

Ein positiver statistischer Zusammenhang mit dem Risiko an einer Demenz zu erkranken, wurde gefunden für Personen, die alleine leben, keine engen sozialen Bindungen haben, nie verheiratet waren, an keinen sozialen - oder Freizeitaktivitäten teilnehmen. Neuere Studien berichten, dass die Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ negativ mit der Vielfältigkeit von Aktivitäten und Intensität intellektueller Aktivitäten assoziiert ist und positiv mit psychosozialer und physischer Inaktivität, unproduktivem Arbeitsstil und dem Zusammenleben mit einem dominanten Partner.

Abstract

In the etiology of dementia several genetic and various environmental factors are assumed to interact. Most epidemiological studies on risk factors have focused on „constitutional” factors like age, sex, birth order, dementia in the family and „life style” factors like smoking and alcohol consumption.

Only few studies have investigated the role of psychosocial factors at work and during leisure time on the risk to develop dementia. Our paper gives a systematic review of all published results of controlled studies about psychosocial risk factors.

A positive association has been observed between dementia and living alone, having no close social ties, not participating in social and leisure activities, and never having married. Recent studies have found that Alzheimer's disease in particular is negatively associated with diversity of activities and intensity of intellectual activities and positively associated with psychosocial inactivity, unproductive working style, living with a dominant spouse and with physical inactivity.

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