Zusammenfassung
Begünstigt durch aktuelle biopsychosoziale Störungsmodelle und einer veränderten Rolle
der Patienten und ihrer Angehörigen im Behandlungskontext hat in den letzten 15 Jahren
eine Trendwende in der Psychotherapie bipolarer Störungen eingesetzt. Ansatzpunkte
für kombiniert pharmakologisch-psychotherapeutische Interventionen sind familiäres
Überengagement (High Expressed Emotion), Belastungen durch bedeutende Lebensereignisse,
Verschiebungen der Tagesrhythmik, soziale Defizite sowie insbesondere Probleme in
der Krankheitsbewältigung und Akzeptanz der pharmakologischen Behandlung, da diese
den Krankheitsverlauf negativ beeinflussen können. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Einblick
in überwiegend einzeltherapeutische psychoedukative, kognitiv-behaviorale, interpersonelle
sowie familientherapeutische Interventionen. Die Ergebnisse randomisiert kontrollierter
Studien belegen eine höhere Mitarbeitsbereitschaft sowie einen besseren Krankheitsverlauf
im Vergleich zur Standardversorgung. Der psychotherapeutische Nihilismus ist somit
bei bipolaren Störungen rückläufig. Jedoch besteht weiterhin Bedarf an fundierten
Studien zur Effektivität psychotherapeutischer Interventionen, insbesondere im Hinblick
auf mehrjährige Katamnesen und Aspekte der phasenspezifischen Behandlung und differenziellen
Indikation.
Abstract
Favoured by current biopsychosocial illness models and a change of roles in patients
and their relatives in the treatment setting there was a turning point in psychotherapy
of bipolar disorders. Different aspects that call for combined pharmacological-psychotherapeutical
treatment strategies include family High Expressed Emotion, critical life events,
shifts in important rhythms of life (e. g., insomnia), social deficits and problems
in coping with the illness and compliance, as these factors might have a negative
influence on the course of the illness. This paper provides information about mainly
individual psychoeducational, cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal interventions
for patients as well as family interventions. The results of randomised controlled
studies show a higher level of treatment adherence and better outcome compared to
standard treatment. The psychotherapeutical nihilism is therefore declining. However,
there is still need for systematic clinical research to prove effectiveness with regard
to long-term follow-up as well as aspects of differential phase-specific and patient-related
indication.
Schlüsselwörter
Bipolare Störungen - Krankheitsbewältigung - Psychoedukation - kognitiv-behaviorale
Therapie - Interpersonelle Therapie - Familientherapie - High Expressed Emotion -
Therapiestudien
Key words
Bipolar disorders - Illness management - Psychoeducation - Cognitive-behavioral therapy
- Interpersonal therapy - Family therapy - High Expressed Emotion - Treatment studies
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