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Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2003; 38(1): 47-54
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-36565
Mini-Symposium
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Künstliche Sauerstoffträger -
eine kritische aktuelle Analyse[∗]

Artificial Oxygen Carriers - A Critical Analysis of Current DevelopmentsS.  Dinkelmann1 , H.  Northoff1
  • 1Abteilung für Transfusionsmedizin, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
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Publication History

Publication Date:
10 January 2003 (online)

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Einleitung

Forschung auf dem Gebiet der künstlichen Sauerstoffträger gibt es bereits seit einigen Jahrzehnten. Vielfältige Hoffnungen werden mit künstlichen Sauerstoffträgern verbunden: Sie sollen einfach, sicher und schnell in der Anwendung sein. Außerdem lange und einfach zu Lagern, frei von Infektionsrisiken und sie sollen eine ausreichende intravasale Verweildauer aufweisen. Die künstlichen Sauerstoffträger werden ersehnt, um eine Alternative zu haben bei akuten Blutverlusten, v. a. bei Traumapatienten, aber auch perioperativ. Sie könnten Engpässe bei Erythrozytenprodukten überbrücken oder da eingesetzt werden, wo die Zeit oder die Möglichkeit fehlt für die Anwendung herkömmlicher Konserven (z. B. auf dem Notarztwagen). Aber auch für zusätzliche Indikationen könnten künstliche Sauerstoffträger angewendet werden: zur Tumoroxygenierung und Verbesserung der Chemo- und Radiosensibilität, zur Behandlung der Hypotension v. a. bei Sepsis oder zur Verlängerung der Haltbarkeit von Spenderorganen. Bisher ist es einem Produkt gelungen, eine eingeschränkte Zulassung zu erhalten: Hemopure™, ein bovines polymerisiertes Hämoglobin der Firma Biopure wurde im April 2001 in Südafrika zur Behandlung von Erwachsenen mit akutem Blutverlust zugelassen [1]. Zwei Produkte, die sich bereits in klinischen Studien befanden, wurden in den letzten Jahren vom Markt genommen (Hemassist™ und Optro™), für ein weiteres Produkt (Oxygent™) wurden im Januar 2001 die klinischen Studien gestoppt. Zur Zeit befinden sich 4 Produkte in klinischer Testung, für zwei davon wurde die Zulassung beantragt. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die verschiedenen künstlichen Sauerstoffträger, ihre physicochemischen Eigenschaften und die aktuellen klinischen Studien. Außerdem wird es um die Wirkungen und auch die Nebenwirkungen und die Pathophysiologie gehen.

1 Diese Arbeit wird in Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin in englischer Sprache veröffentlicht

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1 Diese Arbeit wird in Infusionstherapie und Transfusionsmedizin in englischer Sprache veröffentlicht

Korrespondenzadresse:

Prof. Dr. Hinnak Northoff

Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen

Otfried-Mueller-Straße 4/1

72076 Tübingen

Email: hinnak.northoff@med.uni-tuebingen.de

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