ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial resistance has generally increased over the past 5 decades, with occasional
brief respites following the introduction of new antimicrobial classes. Resistance
has been driven by bacterial genetic events, antibiotic pressures, and lapses in hospital
hygiene. Recently promoted solutions to the problem of hand hygiene include use of
alcohol-based hand rubs, which are time savers and gentler to hands than soap and
water, and use of "universal gloving." The most effective antibiotic interventions
have been restriction programs and provider computer-order entry. Unabated antimicrobial
resistance requires use of surveillance cultures and contact precautions or cohort
nursing for all patients colonized or infected by resistant strains.
KEYWORDS
Antibiotic resistance - nosocomial infection - intensive care unit - infection control
